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Spastic dysphonia is a disorder characterized by strained, constricted phonation with excessively adducted vocal cords. Despite initial success with recurrent laryngeal nerve section, the search for other treatment continues. Our clinical study involved inserting a needle electrode percutaneously into the region of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in five patients with spastic dysphonia. Electrical stimulation resulted in dramatic improvement in three patients and minimal improvement in two. Our experimental study was designed to create an animal model for an implantable nerve stimulator to be used on a long-term basis. A Medtronic spinal cord stimulation system was implanted into a dog, and a cuff electrode was positioned around the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Vocal cord position could be altered by varying the stimulus frequency. Long-term stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was relatively safe and effective. Eventually, we plan to implant nerve stimulators into spastic dysphonia patients who respond well to percutaneous stimulation.
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
February 1979,
The Laryngoscope,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
September 1981,
Southern medical journal,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
January 1976,
The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
December 1979,
The Laryngoscope,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
January 1982,
Folia phoniatrica,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
February 1983,
Journal of communication disorders,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
July 1977,
The Western journal of medicine,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
January 1981,
Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
March 1983,
The Laryngoscope,
M Friedman, and
D M Toriumi, and
V Grybauskas, and
E L Applebaum
January 1991,
The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology,
