Comparison of sheep scapula models created with polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane filaments by three-dimensional modelling. 2022

Semih Kurt, and Sedef Selviler-Sizer, and Burcu Onuk, and Murat Kabak
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a rapid prototyping method that has recently been increasingly used in anatomy education. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and 3D scanners are generally used to create 3D models. The aim of this study, which was performed without using the aforementioned devices, is to design sheep scapula models in a computer environment and compare bone models created with different filaments printed by a 3D printer with real bone. Photographs of sheep scapula were taken for modelling, and measurements were made from certain points. After the photographs were transferred to a computer environment, they were transformed into 3D using the Cinema 4D software, a computer-aided design program. Models were created using a 3D printer employing polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments. By comparing the models created with PLA and TPU filaments to the real bone, it was found that they have a similar anatomical structure, with dimensional-morphometric differences found at some points. It was also observed that the scapula model created with PLA filaments was more resistant to impacts than the real bone and that the model created with TPU filaments was more flexible, with very low fragility as compared to PLA and real bone. Therefore, this method allows obtaining a large number of durable models as an alternative to the real bone without the need for much manpower or equipment and without the need for a 3D reconstruction device.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011091 Polyesters Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours. Polyester
D011140 Polyurethanes A group of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers containing polyisocyanate. They are used as ELASTOMERS, as coatings, as fibers and as foams. Polyisocyanates,Ostamer,Pellethane,Spandex,Ostamers,Pellethanes,Polyisocyanate,Polyurethane,Spandices
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012540 Scapula Also called the shoulder blade, it is a flat triangular bone, a pair of which form the back part of the shoulder girdle. Scapulae,Shoulder Blade,Shoulder Blades
D012756 Sheep Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS. Ovis,Sheep, Dall,Dall Sheep,Ovis dalli
D066330 Printing, Three-Dimensional Process for making, building or constructing a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model by laying down many successive thin layers of building material. 3-D Printing,3-Dimensional Printing,3D Printing,Three-Dimensional Printing,3 D Printing,3 Dimensional Printing,3-D Printings,3-Dimensional Printings,3D Printings,Printing, 3-D,Printing, 3-Dimensional,Printing, 3D,Printing, Three Dimensional,Printings, 3-D,Printings, 3-Dimensional,Printings, 3D,Printings, Three-Dimensional,Three Dimensional Printing,Three-Dimensional Printings

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