Humoral immune response after different SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regimens. 2022

Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 4, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.

The humoral immune response after primary immunisation with a SARS-CoV-2 vector vaccine (AstraZeneca AZD1222, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Vaxzevria) followed by an mRNA vaccine boost (Pfizer/BioNTech, BNT162b2; Moderna, m-1273) was examined and compared with the antibody response after homologous vaccination schemes (AZD1222/AZD1222 or BNT162b2/BNT162b2). Sera from 59 vaccinees were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and virus-neutralising antibodies (VNA) with three IgG assays based on (parts of) the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein as antigen, an IgG immunoblot (additionally contains the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NP) as an antigen), a surrogate neutralisation test (sVNT), and a Vero-cell-based virus-neutralisation test (cVNT) with the B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC; alpha) as antigen. Investigation was done before and after heterologous (n = 30 and 42) or homologous booster vaccination (AZD1222/AZD1222, n = 8/9; BNT162b2/BNT162b2, n = 8/8). After the second immunisation, a subgroup of 26 age- and gender-matched sera (AZD1222/mRNA, n = 9; AZD1222/AZD1222, n = 9; BNT162b2/BNT162b2, n = 8) was also tested for VNA against VOC B.1.617.2 (delta) in the cVNT. The strength of IgG binding to separate SARS-CoV-2 antigens was measured by avidity. After the first vaccination, the prevalence of IgG directed against the (trimeric) SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD) varied from 55-95% (AZD1222) to 100% (BNT162b2), depending on the vaccine regimen and the SARS-CoV-2 antigen used. The booster vaccination resulted in 100% seroconversion and the occurrence of highly avid IgG, which is directed against the S-protein subunit 1 and the RBD, as well as VNA against VOC B.1.1.7, while anti-NP IgGs were not detected. The results of the three anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG tests showed an excellent correlation to the VNA titres against this VOC. The agreement of cVNT and sVNT results was good. However, the sVNT seems to overestimate non- and weak B.1.1.7-neutralising titres. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations and the B.1.1.7-neutralising titres were significantly higher after heterologous vaccination compared to the homologous AZD1222 scheme. If VOC B.1.617.2 was used as antigen, significantly lower VNA titres were measured in the cVNT, and three (33.3%) vector vaccine recipients had a VNA titre < 1:10. Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination leads to a strong antibody response with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations and VNA titres at a level comparable to that of a homologous BNT162b2 vaccination scheme. Irrespective of the chosen immunisation regime, highly avid IgG antibodies can be detected just 2 weeks after the second vaccine dose indicating the development of a robust humoral immunity. The reduction in the VNA titre against VOC B.1.617.2 observed in the subgroup of 26 individuals is remarkable and confirms the immune escape of the delta variant.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000086382 COVID-19 A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID-19 severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID-19 (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent. 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease,2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection,2019-nCoV Disease,2019-nCoV Infection,COVID-19 Pandemic,COVID-19 Pandemics,COVID-19 Virus Disease,COVID-19 Virus Infection,Coronavirus Disease 2019,Coronavirus Disease-19,SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection,COVID19,2019 nCoV Disease,2019 nCoV Infection,2019-nCoV Diseases,2019-nCoV Infections,COVID 19,COVID 19 Pandemic,COVID 19 Virus Disease,COVID 19 Virus Infection,COVID-19 Virus Diseases,COVID-19 Virus Infections,Coronavirus Disease 19,Disease 2019, Coronavirus,Disease, 2019-nCoV,Disease, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, 2019-nCoV,Infection, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, SARS-CoV-2,Pandemic, COVID-19,SARS CoV 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infections,Virus Disease, COVID-19,Virus Infection, COVID-19
D000086402 SARS-CoV-2 A species of BETACORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans. The organism was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The natural host is the Chinese intermediate horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS affinis. 2019 Novel Coronavirus,COVID-19 Virus,COVID19 Virus,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus,SARS Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2 Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,Wuhan Coronavirus,Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus,2019-nCoV,2019 Novel Coronaviruses,COVID 19 Virus,COVID-19 Viruses,COVID19 Viruses,Coronavirus 2, SARS,Coronavirus, 2019 Novel,Coronavirus, Wuhan,Novel Coronavirus, 2019,SARS CoV 2 Virus,SARS-CoV-2 Viruses,Virus, COVID-19,Virus, COVID19,Virus, SARS-CoV-2,Viruses, COVID19
D000086663 COVID-19 Vaccines Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing SARS-CoV-2 component antigens, genetic materials, or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus, and designed to prevent COVID-19. 2019 Novel Coronavirus Vaccine,2019 Novel Coronavirus Vaccines,2019-nCoV Vaccine,2019-nCoV Vaccines,COVID 19 Vaccine,COVID-19 Vaccine,COVID-19 Virus Vaccine,COVID-19 Virus Vaccines,COVID19 Vaccine,COVID19 Vaccines,COVID19 Virus Vaccine,COVID19 Virus Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease-19 Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease-19 Vaccines,SARS Coronavirus 2 Vaccines,SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine,SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines,SARS2 Vaccine,SARS2 Vaccines,2019 nCoV Vaccine,2019 nCoV Vaccines,COVID 19 Vaccines,COVID 19 Virus Vaccine,COVID 19 Virus Vaccines,Coronavirus Disease 19 Vaccine,Coronavirus Disease 19 Vaccines,SARS CoV 2 Vaccine,SARS CoV 2 Vaccines,Vaccine, 2019-nCoV,Vaccine, COVID 19,Vaccine, COVID-19,Vaccine, COVID-19 Virus,Vaccine, COVID19,Vaccine, COVID19 Virus,Vaccine, Coronavirus Disease-19,Vaccine, SARS-CoV-2,Vaccine, SARS2,Vaccines, 2019-nCoV,Vaccines, COVID-19,Vaccines, COVID-19 Virus,Vaccines, COVID19,Vaccines, COVID19 Virus,Vaccines, Coronavirus Disease-19,Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2,Vaccines, SARS2,Virus Vaccine, COVID-19,Virus Vaccine, COVID19,Virus Vaccines, COVID-19,Virus Vaccines, COVID19
D000087503 mRNA Vaccines Vaccines formulated with recombinant mRNAs which are taken up by the host cells that translate the mRNA and present the translated proteins to the immune system as antigens in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigen. Messenger RNA Vaccines,Naked RNA Vaccines,RNA Vaccines,Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccine,Trans Amplifying RNA Vaccine,saRNA Vaccine,taRNA Vaccine,RNA Vaccine,mRNA Vaccine,RNA Vaccine, Self-Amplifying,Self Amplifying RNA Vaccine,Vaccine, RNA,Vaccine, Self-Amplifying RNA,Vaccine, mRNA,Vaccine, saRNA,Vaccine, taRNA,Vaccines, RNA
D000090982 BNT162 Vaccine mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 developed by Pfizer and BioNTech. Abdavomeran,BNT-162A1,BNT-162B1,BNT-162B2,BNT-162C2,BNT162A1,BNT162B1,BNT162B2,BNT162C2,COVID-19 Vaccine Pfizer-BioNTech,Comirnaty,Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine,Pidacmeran,Tozinameran,BNT 162A1,BNT 162B1,BNT 162B2,BNT 162C2,COVID 19 Vaccine Pfizer BioNTech,Covid-19 Vaccine, Pfizer,Pfizer Covid 19 Vaccine,Pfizer-BioNTech, COVID-19 Vaccine,Vaccine Pfizer-BioNTech, COVID-19,Vaccine, BNT162,Vaccine, Pfizer Covid-19
D000090985 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 A viral vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 developed by AstraZeneca. Its vector encodes the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. AZD-1222,COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca,ChAdOx1 COVID-19 Vaccine,Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID Vaccine,Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine,Vaxzevria,AZD1222,Covishield,AZD 1222,AstraZeneca, COVID-19 Vaccine,COVID 19 Vaccine AstraZeneca,COVID Vaccine, Oxford-AstraZeneca,COVID-19 Vaccine, ChAdOx1,COVID-19 Vaccine, Oxford-AstraZeneca,ChAdOx1 COVID 19 Vaccine,ChAdOx1 nCoV 19,Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 Vaccine,Oxford AstraZeneca COVID Vaccine,Vaccine, ChAdOx1 COVID-19,Vaccine, Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID,Vaccine, Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19,nCoV-19, ChAdOx1
D000914 Antibodies, Viral Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS. Viral Antibodies
D014611 Vaccination Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis. Immunization, Active,Active Immunization,Active Immunizations,Immunizations, Active,Vaccinations
D014614 Vaccines, Synthetic Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified. Antigens, Synthetic,Chemical Vaccine,Chemical Vaccines,Immunogens, Synthetic,Molecular Vaccine,Molecular Vaccines,Recombinant Vaccine,Semisynthetic Vaccine,Semisynthetic Vaccines,Synthetic Antigen,Synthetic Vaccine,Synthetic Vaccines,Vaccines, Recombinant,Synthetic Antigens,Synthetic Immunogens,Vaccines, Chemical,Vaccines, Molecular,Vaccines, Semisynthetic,Antigen, Synthetic,Recombinant Vaccines,Vaccine, Chemical,Vaccine, Molecular,Vaccine, Recombinant,Vaccine, Semisynthetic,Vaccine, Synthetic

Related Publications

Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
January 2024, Vaccine: X,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
December 2023, Acta tropica,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
October 2020, American journal of clinical pathology,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
December 2021, Vaccines,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
March 2023, Vaccines,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
March 2022, Vaccines,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
January 2021, Frontiers in medicine,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
October 2021, EBioMedicine,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
October 2020, The New England journal of medicine,
Ruben Rose, and Franziska Neumann, and Olaf Grobe, and Thomas Lorentz, and Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz
July 2022, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,
Copied contents to your clipboard!