Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Admitted to Nephrology Department of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. 2021

Abhishek Pant, and Astha Prasai, and Anmol Kumar Rauniyar, and Laxman Adhikary, and Krity Basnet, and Tunam Khadka
Department of Medicine, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.

BACKGROUND Chronic Kidney Disease is an independent risk factor for pneumonia. The risk of hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit and ventilator requirement, in-hospital death is high in pneumonia patients with chronic kidney disease. This study aims to find the prevalence of pneumonia in patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to nephrology department of a tertiary care center. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all the hospital records of pneumonia patients with Chronic Kidney Disease admitted to the Nephrology department between April 2019 and April 2021. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of same institute (Reference number: 0505202106). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. RESULTS Of the total 407 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, 78 (19.1%) (95% Confidence Interval= 15.28-22.92) had pneumonia. Among the 78 pneumonia patients, 17 (21.8%) were Stage 3, 13 (16.7%) Stage 4 and 48 (61.5%) Stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. Forty Seven (60.3%) required Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 19 (24.4%) required ventilator and 22 (28.2%) of the patient expired in hospital. The most commonly isolated organisms were Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 which was 13 (16.6%) followed by Strepotococcus pneumoniae which was 8 (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of pneumonia in Chronic Kidney Disease was observed higher in our study compared to other studies.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009398 Nephrology A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney.
D011014 Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. Experimental Lung Inflammation,Lobar Pneumonia,Lung Inflammation,Pneumonia, Lobar,Pneumonitis,Pulmonary Inflammation,Experimental Lung Inflammations,Inflammation, Experimental Lung,Inflammation, Lung,Inflammation, Pulmonary,Inflammations, Lung,Inflammations, Pulmonary,Lobar Pneumonias,Lung Inflammation, Experimental,Lung Inflammations,Lung Inflammations, Experimental,Pneumonias,Pneumonias, Lobar,Pneumonitides,Pulmonary Inflammations
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D006760 Hospitalization The confinement of a patient in a hospital. Hospitalizations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000086382 COVID-19 A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID-19 severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID-19 (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent. 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease,2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection,2019-nCoV Disease,2019-nCoV Infection,COVID-19 Pandemic,COVID-19 Pandemics,COVID-19 Virus Disease,COVID-19 Virus Infection,Coronavirus Disease 2019,Coronavirus Disease-19,SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection,COVID19,2019 nCoV Disease,2019 nCoV Infection,2019-nCoV Diseases,2019-nCoV Infections,COVID 19,COVID 19 Pandemic,COVID 19 Virus Disease,COVID 19 Virus Infection,COVID-19 Virus Diseases,COVID-19 Virus Infections,Coronavirus Disease 19,Disease 2019, Coronavirus,Disease, 2019-nCoV,Disease, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, 2019-nCoV,Infection, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, SARS-CoV-2,Pandemic, COVID-19,SARS CoV 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infections,Virus Disease, COVID-19,Virus Infection, COVID-19
D000086402 SARS-CoV-2 A species of BETACORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans. The organism was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The natural host is the Chinese intermediate horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS affinis. 2019 Novel Coronavirus,COVID-19 Virus,COVID19 Virus,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus,SARS Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2 Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,Wuhan Coronavirus,Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus,2019-nCoV,2019 Novel Coronaviruses,COVID 19 Virus,COVID-19 Viruses,COVID19 Viruses,Coronavirus 2, SARS,Coronavirus, 2019 Novel,Coronavirus, Wuhan,Novel Coronavirus, 2019,SARS CoV 2 Virus,SARS-CoV-2 Viruses,Virus, COVID-19,Virus, COVID19,Virus, SARS-CoV-2,Viruses, COVID19
D017052 Hospital Mortality A vital statistic measuring or recording the rate of death from any cause in hospitalized populations. In-Hospital Mortality,Mortality, Hospital,Hospital Mortalities,In Hospital Mortalities,In Hospital Mortality,Inhospital Mortalities,Inhospital Mortality,Mortalities, In-house,Mortalities, Inhospital,Mortality, In-Hospital,Mortality, Inhospital,Hospital Mortalities, In,Hospital Mortality, In,In-Hospital Mortalities,In-house Mortalities,In-house Mortality,Mortalities, Hospital,Mortalities, In Hospital,Mortalities, In house,Mortalities, In-Hospital,Mortality, In Hospital,Mortality, In-house
D051436 Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) Kidney Insufficiency, Chronic,Chronic Kidney Diseases,Chronic Kidney Insufficiency,Chronic Renal Diseases,Chronic Renal Insufficiency,Chronic Kidney Disease,Chronic Kidney Insufficiencies,Chronic Renal Disease,Chronic Renal Insufficiencies,Disease, Chronic Kidney,Disease, Chronic Renal,Diseases, Chronic Kidney,Diseases, Chronic Renal,Kidney Disease, Chronic,Kidney Diseases, Chronic,Kidney Insufficiencies, Chronic,Renal Disease, Chronic,Renal Diseases, Chronic,Renal Insufficiencies, Chronic
D062606 Tertiary Care Centers A medical facility which provides a high degree of subspecialty expertise for patients from centers where they received SECONDARY CARE. Tertiary Hospital,Tertiary Referral Center,Tertiary Referral Hospital,Care Center, Tertiary,Care Centers, Tertiary,Center, Tertiary Care,Center, Tertiary Referral,Centers, Tertiary Care,Centers, Tertiary Referral,Hospital, Tertiary,Hospital, Tertiary Referral,Hospitals, Tertiary,Hospitals, Tertiary Referral,Referral Center, Tertiary,Referral Centers, Tertiary,Referral Hospital, Tertiary,Referral Hospitals, Tertiary,Tertiary Care Center,Tertiary Hospitals,Tertiary Referral Centers,Tertiary Referral Hospitals

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