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Neonatal Thrombocytopenia Due to Dual Alloimmune and Autoimmune Mechanisms. 2022

Pedro Mantas, and Nuno Félix, and Elisabete Oliveira, and Conceição Malcata, and Maria J Palaré, and Anabela Ferrão
Pediatric Department, Hospital Santarém, Santarém.

Alloantibody-mediated and autoantibody-mediated immune destruction are common causes of early neonatal thrombocytopenia. The authors report a case of severe, early-onset thrombocytopenia with mucocutaneous bleeding in an otherwise well-appearing full-term neonate. Recurrence of thrombocytopenia following initial treatment and its persistence after 2 weeks of life suggested a dual immune mechanism. This is a rare case of immune thrombocytopenia caused by human platelet antigen-5b alloimmunization and passive transfer of maternal antiplatelet antibodies. Appropriate, timely treatment and absence of severe bleeding complications, namely intracranial hemorrhage, conferred a good overall prognosis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007231 Infant, Newborn An infant during the first 28 days after birth. Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D007232 Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. Neonatal Diseases,Disease, Neonatal,Diseases, Neonatal,Neonatal Disease
D007518 Isoantibodies Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species. Alloantibodies
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D016553 Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms. Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura,Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura,Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Autoimmune,Werlhof's Disease,Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia,Immune Thrombocytopenia,Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura,Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Autoimmune,Werlhof Disease,Autoimmune Thrombocytopenias,Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpuras,Disease, Werlhof,Disease, Werlhof's,Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpuras,Immune Thrombocytopenias,Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpuras,Purpura, Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic,Purpura, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic,Purpura, Immune Thrombocytopenic,Purpuras, Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic,Purpuras, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic,Purpuras, Immune Thrombocytopenic,Thrombocytopenia, Autoimmune,Thrombocytopenia, Immune,Thrombocytopenias, Autoimmune,Thrombocytopenias, Immune,Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Idiopathic,Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Immune,Thrombocytopenic Purpuras, Idiopathic,Thrombocytopenic Purpuras, Immune,Werlhofs Disease
D016824 Antigens, Human Platelet Human alloantigens expressed only on platelets, specifically on platelet membrane glycoproteins. These platelet-specific antigens are immunogenic and can result in pathological reactions to transfusion therapy. Antigens, Platelet-Specific,Human Platelet Antigen,Human Platelet Antigens,Platelet Alloantigen,Platelet Alloantigens,Platelet-Specific Antigen,Platelet-Specific Antigens,Alloantigen, Platelet,Alloantigens, Platelet,Antigen, Human Platelet,Antigen, Platelet-Specific,Antigens, Platelet Specific,Platelet Antigen, Human,Platelet Antigens, Human,Platelet Specific Antigen,Platelet Specific Antigens
D054098 Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune A condition in newborns caused by immunity of the mother to PLATELET ALLOANTIGENS on the fetal platelets. The PLATELETS, coated with maternal ANTIBODIES, are destroyed and removed by the fetal MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. Affected infants may have INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia,Neonatal Thrombocytopenia,Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal,Alloimmune Thrombocytopenias, Neonatal,Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenias,Neonatal Thrombocytopenias,Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal,Thrombocytopenias, Neonatal,Thrombocytopenias, Neonatal Alloimmune
D020300 Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. Brain Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Intracranial,Posterior Fossa Hemorrhage,Brain Hemorrhages,Hemorrhage, Brain,Hemorrhage, Posterior Fossa,Hemorrhages, Brain,Hemorrhages, Intracranial,Hemorrhages, Posterior Fossa,Intracranial Hemorrhage,Posterior Fossa Hemorrhages

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