Analysis of Acrylamide and Glycidamide in Dried Blood Spot of Smokers Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 2022

Yahdiana Harahap, and Afaf Amma Lahilla, and Anastasia Sharon Jautan, and Amiral Hafidz, and Sunarsih Sunarsih
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND Acrylamide is a genotoxic substance that can be found in cigarette smoke. Acrylamide is metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme in the body to form glycidamides, an epoxide that is reactive to DNA and can form carcinogenic adducts. Therefore, exposure to acrylamide can potentially cause cancer. This study aims to analyze the levels of acrylamide and glycidamide in dried blood spot samples of smokers using propanamide as an internal standard and non-smokers as the control subjects. METHODS Dried blood spot samples were extracted using the protein precipitation method and then analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mass detection was performed using positive type electro spray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring type with m/z 72.0>55.02 for acrylamide, 88.1>45.0 for glycidamide, and 74.0>57.1 for propanamide as the internal standard. RESULTS Acrylamide and glycidamide levels in the dried blood spot sample of smokers ranged between 3.91 -10.25 µg/mL and 1.006-3.58 µg/mL, respectively. Data of the non-smokers on acrylamide and glycidamide levels were 0.75-3.16 µg/mL and 0-0.91 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The significant value of acrylamide and glycidamide between smokers and non-smokers was p < 0.05, which showed that there is a significant difference between acrylamide and glycidamide concentration in smokers and non-smoker subjects. The results of this study suggest that dried blood spots can be used to determine acrylamide and glycidamide levels in humans. Theoretically, acrylamide and glycidamide concentration should correlate to each other; however in reality, there are other factors (such as CYP2E1 polymorphism, dietary intake, etc) that can cause variation in their respective concentration.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D004852 Epoxy Compounds Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS. Epoxide,Epoxides,Epoxy Compound,Oxiranes,Compound, Epoxy,Compounds, Epoxy
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000074285 Smokers Persons with a history or habit of SMOKING. Smokers, Non-Tobacco Products,Smokers, Tobacco,Vapers,Non-Tobacco Products Smoker,Non-Tobacco Products Smokers,Smoker,Smoker, Non-Tobacco Products,Smoker, Tobacco,Smokers, Non Tobacco Products,Tobacco Smoker,Tobacco Smokers,Vaper
D053719 Tandem Mass Spectrometry A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection. Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry, Tandem
D020106 Acrylamide A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.

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