This study reports the results of a household survey of 495 Medicaid clients eligible under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program in Monroe County, New York. The purpose of the study has been to examine the views and to anticipate the health care choices/decisions of Medicaid clients prior to their enrollment in a new, county-wide Medicaid-managed care program. The findings indicate significant ethnic differentials among the Medicaid poor, both in the choice of care source and in the reasons offered for that choice. Forty percent of those interviewed would like to change to a new source of care, but less than 13% can actually be expected to change. Private practice arrangements were the preferred source of care, yet distance to such sources appears to represent a major stumbling block to access. This study suggests that the managed-care approach being offered in Monroe County may offer the Medicaid eligibles a new stigma-free way of affiliating with a health care provider. This is being recognized by those surveyed as an important element. The study demonstrates that the choices made by the Medicaid recipients are perfectly rational given the recipients' knowledge of Medicaid and the health care system, and the general conditions in which they find themselves. These findings have important implications for the move of Medicaid programs from the fee-for-service to the managed-care/HMO system.