Biomaterial Database

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine. A comparison of the immune response and adverse reactions to conventional and acellular pertussis components. 1986

K M Edwards, and E Lawrence, and P F Wright

Although the conventional Bordetella pertussis vaccine, which consists of killed whole organisms, has been shown to be effective in preventing disease, it has been associated with transient local and systemic reactions and may produce encephalopathy, though rarely. A new acellular pertussis vaccine containing partially purified protein antigens, filamentous hemagglutinin, and lymphocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin has been developed for use in Japan. We compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of conventional and acellular pertussis vaccine. Forty children aged 4 to 6 years and 40 children aged 18 to 24 months, all previously immunized at appropriate times with conventional diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, were enrolled. We randomly assigned children to receive either conventional pertussis vaccine or acellular pertussis vaccine in a double-blind fashion. The diphtheria and tetanus components in both preparations were identical. Equivalent rises in pertussis agglutinin titers and antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin were measured in both vaccine groups at both ages that we studied. However, reaction rates to the two vaccines in both age groups were strikingly different. Acellular pertussis vaccine was significantly less reactogenic for fever, pain, fretfulness, abnormal gait, and local reactions at the vaccine administration site. If studies in progressively younger children confirm its reduced reactogenicity and equal immunogenicity, and if large-scale trials indicate its efficacy, the acellular pertussis vaccine may be a more appropriate candidate than the current vaccine.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D010146	Pain	An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	Suffering, Physical,Ache,Pain, Burning,Pain, Crushing,Pain, Migratory,Pain, Radiating,Pain, Splitting,Aches,Burning Pain,Burning Pains,Crushing Pain,Crushing Pains,Migratory Pain,Migratory Pains,Pains, Burning,Pains, Crushing,Pains, Migratory,Pains, Radiating,Pains, Splitting,Physical Suffering,Physical Sufferings,Radiating Pain,Radiating Pains,Splitting Pain,Splitting Pains,Sufferings, Physical
D010567	Pertussis Vaccine	A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Vaccine, Pertussis
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D002986	Clinical Trials as Topic	Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.	Clinical Trial as Topic
D004168	Diphtheria Toxoid	The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.	Diphtheria Vaccine,Toxoid, Diphtheria,Vaccine, Diphtheria
D004311	Double-Blind Method	A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.	Double-Masked Study,Double-Blind Study,Double-Masked Method,Double Blind Method,Double Blind Study,Double Masked Method,Double Masked Study,Double-Blind Methods,Double-Blind Studies,Double-Masked Methods,Double-Masked Studies,Method, Double-Blind,Method, Double-Masked,Methods, Double-Blind,Methods, Double-Masked,Studies, Double-Blind,Studies, Double-Masked,Study, Double-Blind,Study, Double-Masked
D004797	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.	ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D006388	Hemagglutinins	Agents that cause agglutination of red blood cells. They include antibodies, blood group antigens, lectins, autoimmune factors, bacterial, viral, or parasitic blood agglutinins, etc.	Isohemagglutinins,Exohemagglutinins,Hemagglutinin