Biomaterial Database

Nitrate-reducing bacteria in Kuwait domestic sewage. 1986

A K Sallal, and W Al-Eissa

Domestic sewage in Kuwait is mainly treated by an activated-sludge process, where different effluents and sludges are separated. Nitrate reduction in the raw sewage, effluent-1 and effluent-2 were studied. Various enrichments of these sewage samples were effected using 0.2 mg/ml of nitrogen as potassium nitrate and/or 0.5% carbon as glucose. Addition of 0.2 mg/ml nitrate-nitrogen enhanced more ammonia production (117.6 micrograms/ml) in comparison with other enrichments to sewage samples. Nitrate-reducing bacteria were also at a maximum with nitrate enriched sewage samples, especially with effluent-1 (109 X 10(6)/ml). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the only two nitrate-reducing bacteria found in all sewage samples tested. Nitrite was unstable during the 7 days incubation period under anaerobic conditions which suggests that nitrates are reduced to ammonia.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007711	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.	Bacillus pneumoniae,Bacterium pneumoniae crouposae,Hyalococcus pneumoniae,Klebsiella pneumoniae aerogenes,Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
D007730	Kuwait	A country located in the MIDDLE EAST, bordering the Persian Gulf, between IRAQ and SAUDI ARABIA. The capital is Kuwait City.
D009566	Nitrates	Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	Nitrate
D010084	Oxidation-Reduction	A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).	Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D004926	Escherichia coli	A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.	Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D000693	Anaerobiosis	The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Anaerobic Metabolism,Anaerobic Metabolisms,Anaerobioses,Metabolism, Anaerobic,Metabolisms, Anaerobic
D012722	Sewage	Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.	Sludge,Sludge Flocs