HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS (H5N8) OUTBREAK IN A WILD BIRD RESCUE CENTER, THE NETHERLANDS: CONSEQUENCES AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 2022

Valentina Caliendo, and Marian Mensink, and Lineke Begeman, and Carmen Embregts, and Monique de Vrijer, and André De Baerdemaeker, and Rachel Scheuer, and Oanh Vuong, and Ron A M Fouchier, and Thijs Kuiken
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands, v.caliendo@erasmusmc.nl.

Since the emergence of the Goose/Guangdong H5 lineage in 1996 and spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) from poultry to wild birds, outbreaks have become increasingly frequent in wild birds. The latest outbreak in the Netherlands occurred in the fall-winter of 2020-2021 and was linked to incursions of HPAI H5N8 virus. During the larger national outbreak, wild birds in rehabilitation center "Vogelklas Karel Schot (VKS)" in Rotterdam presented with clinical signs compatible with HPAI, including head shaking, torticollis, and abnormal gait. During an epidemiologic investigation at VKS, water samples from the pools in the enclosures and oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from 128 birds of different species were analyzed for the presence of H5N8 virus. Forty-five birds and the pool water tested positive for the virus. The outbreak at VKS was likely introduced by one or more infected geese (Anser anser, Anser anser domesticus, Branta leucopsis), after which the virus spread via pool water and with the relocation of infected birds within the center. In principle, such outbreaks are preventable. Recent updates about HPAI to provide guidance to help avoid future incursions of HPAI into wildlife rescue centers are reported.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009426 Netherlands Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Holland,Kingdom of the Netherlands
D004196 Disease Outbreaks Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS. Outbreaks,Infectious Disease Outbreaks,Disease Outbreak,Disease Outbreak, Infectious,Disease Outbreaks, Infectious,Infectious Disease Outbreak,Outbreak, Disease,Outbreak, Infectious Disease,Outbreaks, Disease,Outbreaks, Infectious Disease
D005585 Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY. Avian Flu,Avian Influenza,Fowl Plague,Influenza, Avian,Avian Influenzas,Flu, Avian,Influenza in Bird,Influenzas, Avian,Plague, Fowl
D000071225 Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS that is highly virulent in poultry and wild birds, but shows varying degrees of pathogenicity in mice. The H5N8 virus subtype has a polybasic amino acid motif at the HA cleavage site which explains its pathogenicity in birds, and expresses surface proteins HEMAGGLUTININ 5 and NEURAMINIDASE 8 which are typical of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza viruses. H5N8 subtype,H5N8 Virus,H5N8 Viruses,H5N8 subtypes,Virus, H5N8,subtype, H5N8
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000835 Animals, Wild Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available. Animals, Nondomestic,Animals, Nondomesticated,Animals, Feral,Stray Animals,Animal, Feral,Animal, Nondomestic,Animal, Nondomesticated,Animal, Stray,Animal, Wild,Animals, Stray,Feral Animal,Feral Animals,Nondomestic Animal,Nondomestic Animals,Nondomesticated Animal,Nondomesticated Animals,Stray Animal,Wild Animal,Wild Animals

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