Progressive muscle relaxation increases slow-wave sleep during a daytime nap. 2022

Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

Sleep is critical for health, cognition, and restorative processes, and yet, many experience chronic sleep restriction. Sleep interventions have been designed to enhance overnight sleep quality and physiology. Components of these interventions, like relaxation-based progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), have been studied in isolation and have shown direct effects on sleep architecture, including increasing time in restorative, slow-wave sleep (SWS). These relaxation methods have been understudied in naps, which are effective fatigue countermeasures that reduce deleterious effects of chronic sleep restriction. We hypothesised that PMR should boost SWS in a nap, as compared to an active control. We used a between-subject design in which healthy young adults underwent PMR training or listened to Mozart music (control) prior to a 90-min nap opportunity. We assessed changes in the amount and lateralisation of SWS, as evidence suggests left hemispheric lateralisation may be a proxy for recuperative sleep needs, and changes to state-dependent anxiety and fatigue before and after the nap to assess intervention success. We found PMR participants spent ~10 min more in SWS, equivalent to 125% more time, than the control group, and concomitantly, significantly less time in rapid eye movement sleep. PMR participants also had greater right lateralised slow-wave activity and delta activity compared to the control suggesting a more well-rested brain profile during sleep. Further, pre-sleep anxiety levels predicted nap architecture in the intervention group, suggesting benefits may be impacted by anxiety. The feasibility and accessibility of PMR prior to a nap make this an interesting research avenue to pursue with strong translational application.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D005221 Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. Lassitude
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077310 Sleep, Slow-Wave A stage of sleep characterized by synchronized wave activity as observed in the ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; the waves exhibit a frequency of 0.5 to 2 Hz, and a peak-to-peak amplitude greater than 75 microvolts. Deep Sleep,Delta Sleep,N3 Sleep,NREM Stage 3,Slow-Wave Sleep,Sleep, Deep,Sleep, Delta,Sleep, N3,Sleep, Slow Wave,Slow Wave Sleep,Stage 3, NREM
D001326 Autogenic Training Technique based on muscle relaxation during self-hypnotic exercises. It is used in conjunction with psychotherapy. Progressive Muscle Relaxation,Progressive Relaxation,Muscle Relaxation, Progressive,Relaxation, Progressive,Relaxation, Progressive Muscle,Training, Autogenic
D012890 Sleep A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility. Sleep Habits,Sleeping Habit,Sleeping Habits,Habit, Sleep,Habit, Sleeping,Habits, Sleep,Habits, Sleeping,Sleep Habit
D014851 Wakefulness A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli. Wakefulnesses
D055815 Young Adult A person between 19 and 24 years of age. Adult, Young,Adults, Young,Young Adults

Related Publications

Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
September 2012, Neurobiology of learning and memory,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
January 2019, Frontiers in psychology,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
November 2021, Sleep,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
May 2008, Sleep,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
June 2018, Chronobiology international,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
September 1989, Psychophysiology,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
January 2012, PloS one,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
June 2001, Physiology & behavior,
Katharine C Simon, and Elizabeth A McDevitt, and Rocco Ragano, and Sara C Mednick
September 2010, Journal of sleep research,
Copied contents to your clipboard!