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Quantitative and qualitative studies of cyclosporine and its metabolites were performed on human bile from liver transplant and liver disease patients. The concentration of CsA in bile is higher in patients with normal liver function than in those with poor liver function but in neither case could account for more than 2% of an absorbed dose of CsA. Although concentrations of CsA plus metabolites in bile measured by RIA were 18 to 36 times higher than HPLC concentrations, they accounted for less than 50% of an absorbed CsA dose. By means of mass spectrometry and HPLC retention times of known metabolites, peaks equivalent to the previously isolated CsA M8, M13, M17, M1, M18, and M21 of Maurer et al were found in the ether extracts of bile. Future studies should not only concentrate on the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of the metabolites but should also accurately quantitate these compounds in blood, plasma, urine, and bile.
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
September 1991,
Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
June 1974,
Endocrinology,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
October 1974,
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
January 2005,
Anticancer research,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
August 1984,
Biochemical pharmacology,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
April 1988,
Transplantation proceedings,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
July 1978,
Casopis lekaru ceskych,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
June 1990,
Transplantation proceedings,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
August 1985,
Nutrition reviews,
G J Burckart, and
T E Starzl, and
R Venkataramanan, and
H Hashim, and
L Wong, and
P Wang, and
L Makowka, and
A Zeevi, and
R J Ptachcinski, and
J E Knapp
May 1973,
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences,
