Cross Strain Protection against Cytomegalovirus Reduces DISC Vaccine Efficacy against CMV in the Guinea Pig Model. 2022

K Yeon Choi, and Nadia S El-Hamdi, and Alistair McGregor
Department Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of disease in newborns and a vaccine is a high priority. The guinea pig is the only small animal model for congenital CMV but requires guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV). Previously, a disabled infectious single cycle (DISC) vaccine strategy demonstrated complete protection against congenital GPCMV (22122 strain) and required neutralizing antibodies to various viral glycoprotein complexes. This included gB, essential for all cell types, and the pentamer complex (PC) for infection of non-fibroblast cells. All GPCMV research has utilized prototype strain 22122 limiting the translational impact, as numerous human CMV strains exist allowing re-infection and congenital CMV despite convalescent immunity. A novel GPCMV strain isolate (designated TAMYC) enabled vaccine cross strain protection studies. A GPCMV DISC (PC+) vaccine (22122 strain) induced a comprehensive immune response in animals, but vaccinated animals challenged with the TAMYC strain virus resulted in sustained viremia and the virus spread to target organs (liver, lung and spleen) with a significant viral load in the salivary glands. Protection was better than natural convalescent immunity, but the results fell short of previous DISC vaccine sterilizing immunity against the homologous 22122 virus challenge, despite a similarity in viral glycoprotein sequences between strains. The outcome suggests a limitation of the current DISC vaccine design against heterologous infection.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D003586 Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. CMV Inclusion,CMV Inclusions,Congenital CMV Infection,Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection,Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease,Cytomegalovirus Colitis,Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Cytomegalovirus Inclusion Disease,Cytomegalovirus Inclusions,Inclusion Disease,Perinatal CMV Infection,Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection,Renal Tubular Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Renal Tubular Cytomegalovirus Inclusions,Salivary Gland Virus Disease,Severe Cytomegalovirus Infection,Severe Cytomegalovirus Infections,Infections, Cytomegalovirus,CMV Infection, Congenital,CMV Infection, Perinatal,Colitis, Cytomegalovirus,Congenital CMV Infections,Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections,Cytomegalic Inclusion Diseases,Cytomegalovirus Colitides,Cytomegalovirus Inclusion Diseases,Cytomegalovirus Infection,Cytomegalovirus Infection, Congenital,Cytomegalovirus Infection, Perinatal,Cytomegalovirus Infection, Severe,Cytomegalovirus Infections, Severe,Disease, Cytomegalic Inclusion,Disease, Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Diseases, Cytomegalovirus Inclusion,Inclusion Disease, Cytomegalic,Inclusion Disease, Cytomegalovirus,Inclusion Diseases,Inclusion Diseases, Cytomegalovirus,Inclusion, CMV,Inclusion, Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Congenital CMV,Infection, Congenital Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Perinatal CMV,Infection, Perinatal Cytomegalovirus,Infection, Severe Cytomegalovirus,Perinatal CMV Infections,Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infections
D003587 Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. Herpesvirus 5, Human,Human Herpesvirus 5,Salivary Gland Viruses,HHV 5,Herpesvirus 5 (beta), Human,Cytomegaloviruses,Salivary Gland Virus,Virus, Salivary Gland,Viruses, Salivary Gland
D006168 Guinea Pigs A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research. Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000087507 Vaccine Efficacy A measurement of disease risk reduction among vaccinated compared to unvaccinated persons under ideal conditions such as in a clinical trial. Such disease reduction measured under typical field conditions is vaccine effectiveness. In contrast vaccine potency is measured in an assay to ensure proper dosing and storage of vaccines whereas vaccine immunogenicity measures its ability to induce an immune response in a vaccinated individual in observational studies. Vaccine Effectiveness,Efficacy, Vaccine
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000914 Antibodies, Viral Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS. Viral Antibodies
D014759 Viral Envelope Proteins Integral membrane proteins that are incorporated into the VIRAL ENVELOPE. They are glycosylated during VIRAL ASSEMBLY. Envelope Proteins, Viral,Viral Envelope Glycoproteins,Viral Envelope Protein,Virus Envelope Protein,Virus Peplomer Proteins,Bovine Leukemia Virus Glycoprotein gp51,Hepatitis Virus (MHV) Glycoprotein E2,LaCrosse Virus Envelope Glycoprotein G1,Simian Sarcoma Virus Glycoprotein 70,Viral Envelope Glycoprotein gPr90 (Murine Leukemia Virus),Viral Envelope Glycoprotein gp55 (Friend Virus),Viral Envelope Proteins E1,Viral Envelope Proteins E2,Viral Envelope Proteins gp52,Viral Envelope Proteins gp70,Virus Envelope Proteins,Envelope Glycoproteins, Viral,Envelope Protein, Viral,Envelope Protein, Virus,Envelope Proteins, Virus,Glycoproteins, Viral Envelope,Peplomer Proteins, Virus,Protein, Viral Envelope,Protein, Virus Envelope,Proteins, Viral Envelope,Proteins, Virus Envelope,Proteins, Virus Peplomer
D019211 Roseolovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, whose viruses have been isolated from lymphocytes. HERPESVIRUS 6, HUMAN is the type species. Caviid herpesvirus 2,Guinea pig cytomegalovirus,Guinea pig cytomegaloviruses,Roseoloviruses,cytomegaloviruses, Guinea pig
D022482 Cytomegalovirus Vaccines Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS. Cytomegalovirus Vaccine,Vaccine, Cytomegalovirus,Vaccines, Cytomegalovirus

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