Protective Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Pelargonium Graveolens L. on Rats with Acetaminophen- Induced Nephrotoxicity. 2022

Mahmoud Gholyaf, and Sheida Asmarian, and Bijan Akbarpour, and Mohammadreza Gholyaf, and Farshid Mohammadi

Geranium has various antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. Prescribing glutathione probably enhances the protective mechanisms of nephrons against oxidative stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of geranium on acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxic rats. In the present study, 70 mice were divided into seven groups. In five groups (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5), different doses of geranium were given by gavage to the mice for seven days, then on the 8th day, a high dose of acetaminophen was administered intraperitoneally. Group T5 only received geranium extract. The control group received neither acetaminophen nor the extract while the last group received only a toxic dose of acetaminophen. Twenty-four hours after the last drug administration, blood samples were taken to check the levels of uric acid, blood nitrogen, and creatinine. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 25. To investigate the between-group factors' effects, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was performed at the alpha level of < 0.05. The differences between the levels of blood creatinine, urea, and uric acid were significant (P < .001) among the groups. The mean blood urea for groups T3 and T4 were similar, and they had a significant difference in comparison with the control group (P < .05). The mean creatinine levels were similar between T4, T5, and the control groups and were significantly different from the other groups (P < .05). Blood uric acid for groups T1 and T2 were similar to Group B and higher than the other groups (P < .05). The results showed that by strengthening cell protection mechanisms against oxidative stress, geranium extract reduces the toxic effects of acetaminophen on mice's kidney function and thus ameliorates the damage. As a result, the geranium extract has no adverse effects on kidney function.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6679.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010936 Plant Extracts Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard. Herbal Medicines,Plant Extract,Extract, Plant,Extracts, Plant,Medicines, Herbal
D003404 Creatinine Creatinine Sulfate Salt,Krebiozen,Salt, Creatinine Sulfate,Sulfate Salt, Creatinine
D000082 Acetaminophen Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage. Acetamidophenol,Hydroxyacetanilide,Paracetamol,APAP,Acamol,Acephen,Acetaco,Acetominophen,Algotropyl,Anacin-3,Datril,N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetanilide,N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol,Panadol,Tylenol,p-Acetamidophenol,p-Hydroxyacetanilide,Anacin 3,Anacin3
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014508 Urea A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. Basodexan,Carbamide,Carmol
D014527 Uric Acid An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN. 2,6,8-Trihydroxypurine,Ammonium Acid Urate,Monosodium Urate,Monosodium Urate Monohydrate,Potassium Urate,Sodium Acid Urate,Sodium Acid Urate Monohydrate,Sodium Urate,Sodium Urate Monohydrate,Trioxopurine,Urate,Acid Urate, Ammonium,Acid Urate, Sodium,Acid, Uric,Monohydrate, Monosodium Urate,Monohydrate, Sodium Urate,Urate Monohydrate, Monosodium,Urate Monohydrate, Sodium,Urate, Ammonium Acid,Urate, Monosodium,Urate, Potassium,Urate, Sodium,Urate, Sodium Acid
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D031316 Pelargonium A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. The common name of geranium is also used for the GERANIUM genus. Pelargoniums
D064420 Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction,Adverse Drug Event,Adverse Drug Reaction,Drug Side Effects,Drug Toxicity,Side Effects of Drugs,Toxicity, Drug,Adverse Drug Events,Adverse Drug Reactions,Drug Event, Adverse,Drug Events, Adverse,Drug Reaction, Adverse,Drug Reactions, Adverse,Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction,Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions,Drug Side Effect,Drug Toxicities,Effects, Drug Side,Reactions, Adverse Drug,Side Effect, Drug,Side Effects, Drug,Toxicities, Drug

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