Biomaterial Database

Inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation. 1987

H Schulz

This review discusses inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation for which sites and mechanisms of inhibition are reasonably well understood. Included in this review are hypoglycin, an inhibitor of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.2), 4-pentenoic acid, 2-bromooctanoic acid, and 4-bromocrotonic acid all of which inhibit mitochondrial thiolases (EC 2.3.1.9 and 2.3.1.16) as well as several inhibitors of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (EC 2.3.1.21) as for example 2-tetradecylglycidic acid, 2-bromopalmitic acid and aminocarnitine. Most of these inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation have been shown to cause hypoglycemia in animals and some also cause hypoketonemia. The advantages and limitations of using these inhibitors in metabolic studies are discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007005	Hypoglycins	Methylene cyclopropyl alanine and congeners isolated from the unripe edible fruit of the AKEE plant (BLIGHIA SAPIDA). Hypoglycin B is the gamma-glutamyl congener of hypoglycin A. They are very toxic and teratogenic, causing a syndrome called Jamaican vomiting sickness that includes a fall in blood glucose due to the interference of FATTY ACIDS and LEUCINE metabolism which leads to VOMITING, liver damage, CONVULSIONS and DEATH.
D002264	Carboxylic Acids	Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.	Carboxylic Acid,Acid, Carboxylic,Acids, Carboxylic
D002331	Carnitine	A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.	Bicarnesine,L-Carnitine,Levocarnitine,Vitamin BT,L Carnitine
D002334	Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase	An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. EC 2.3.1.21.	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase,CPT II,Carnitine Acyltransferase I,Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I,Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II,Palmitoylcarnitine Transferase,Palmitylcarnitine Acyltransferase,Acyltransferase I, Carnitine,Acyltransferase, Palmitylcarnitine,Carnitine O Palmitoyltransferase,II, Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase,O-Palmitoyltransferase, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase I, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase II, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase, Carnitine,Transferase, Palmitoylcarnitine
D005227	Fatty Acids	Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Aliphatic Acid,Esterified Fatty Acid,Fatty Acid,Fatty Acids, Esterified,Fatty Acids, Saturated,Saturated Fatty Acid,Aliphatic Acids,Acid, Aliphatic,Acid, Esterified Fatty,Acid, Saturated Fatty,Esterified Fatty Acids,Fatty Acid, Esterified,Fatty Acid, Saturated,Saturated Fatty Acids
D000102	Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase	Enzyme that catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which ACETYL COA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed.	3-Ketoacyl CoA Thiolase,3-Ketothiolase,Acetyl CoA Acyltransferase,Acetyl Coenzyme A Acyltransferase,beta-Ketothiolase,2-Methylacetoacetyl CoA Thiolase,3-Oxoacyl CoA Thiolase,3-Oxoacyl-Coenzyme A Thiolase,beta-Ketoacyl Thiolase,Acetyl CoA C Acyltransferase,Acyltransferase, Acetyl CoA,C-Acyltransferase, Acetyl-CoA,CoA Acyltransferase, Acetyl,CoA Thiolase, 2-Methylacetoacetyl,CoA Thiolase, 3-Ketoacyl,CoA Thiolase, 3-Oxoacyl,Thiolase, 2-Methylacetoacetyl CoA,Thiolase, 3-Ketoacyl CoA,Thiolase, 3-Oxoacyl CoA,Thiolase, 3-Oxoacyl-Coenzyme A,Thiolase, beta-Ketoacyl,beta Ketoacyl Thiolase,beta Ketothiolase
D000217	Acyltransferases	Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.	Acyltransferase
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001622	Betaine	A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)	Lycine,Oxyneurine,Acidin-Pepsin,Betaine Hydrochloride,C.B.B.,Citrate de Bétaïne Beaufour,Citrate de Bétaïne UPSA,Cystadane,Glycine Betaine,Hepastyl,Novobetaine,Scorbo-bétaïne,Stea-16,Acidin Pepsin,AcidinPepsin,Betaine, Glycine,Hydrochloride, Betaine,Scorbo bétaïne,Scorbobétaïne,Stea 16,Stea16
D015097	3-Mercaptopropionic Acid	An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.	3-Mercaptopropanoic Acid,beta-Mercaptopropionate,3 Mercaptopropanoic Acid,3 Mercaptopropionic Acid,Acid, 3-Mercaptopropanoic,Acid, 3-Mercaptopropionic,beta Mercaptopropionate