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Spatiotemporal variation and risk assessment of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in surface water of the Yangtze River Basin, China. 2022

Hui Xu, and Yang Liu, and Xiong Xu, and Huachun Lan, and Weixiao Qi, and Donghong Wang, and Huijuan Liu, and Jiuhui Qu
Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Spatiotemporal variation, potential sources, and risk assessment of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in surface water of the Yangtze River Basin were investigated. Total cumulative concentrations of 15 PAEs (Σ15PAEs) ranged from 1594.47 ng·L-1 to 5155.50 ng·L-1, and the dominant components were di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (35.9-60.1%), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (16.6-38.8%), and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) (6.7-18.2%). Σ15PAEs in surface water showed a trend of normal season > wet season > dry season. Σ15PAEs increased from the upstream (2341.7 ± 428.5 ng·L-1) to the mid- and downstream (3892.1 ± 842.8 and 2504.3 ± 355.9 ng·L-1, respectively), indicating the influence from production and consumptions of plasticizer-containing items. PAEs additives emission from daily necessities (28.9-62.3%) and construction and industrial production (18.7-31.2%) were the dominant sources of PAEs in this study. The risk quotient (RQ) method was employed to assess the potential ecological risk of specific components. High ecological risk of DEHP to the sensitive algae and crustacean, together with moderate ecological risk of DEHP and DIBP to the sensitive fish species were found in surface water regardless of the region and season. The spatial distribution of RQ values showed an increasing trend from the upstream to the midstream and downstream of the Yangtze River, indicating the influences from regional urbanization and industrialization levels.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010795 Phthalic Acids A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed) Acids, Phthalic
D002681 China A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean. Inner Mongolia,Manchuria,People's Republic of China,Sinkiang,Mainland China
D003993 Dibutyl Phthalate A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure. Butyl Phthalate,Di-n-Butyl Phthalate,Di n Butyl Phthalate,Phthalate, Butyl,Phthalate, Di-n-Butyl,Phthalate, Dibutyl
D004051 Diethylhexyl Phthalate An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers. Dioctyl Phthalate,Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP,Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate,Di 2 Ethylhexylphthalate,Phthalate, Diethylhexyl,Phthalate, Dioctyl
D004952 Esters Compounds derived from organic or inorganic acids in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an –O-alkyl or another organic group. They can be represented by the structure formula RCOOR’ and are usually formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water. Ester
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014867 Water A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Hydrogen Oxide
D018570 Risk Assessment The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988) Assessment, Risk,Benefit-Risk Assessment,Risk Analysis,Risk-Benefit Assessment,Health Risk Assessment,Risks and Benefits,Analysis, Risk,Assessment, Benefit-Risk,Assessment, Health Risk,Assessment, Risk-Benefit,Benefit Risk Assessment,Benefit-Risk Assessments,Benefits and Risks,Health Risk Assessments,Risk Analyses,Risk Assessment, Health,Risk Assessments,Risk Benefit Assessment,Risk-Benefit Assessments

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