Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation but has been infrequently reported following autologous or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. Ninety-six autologous and 19 syngeneic marrow transplants were performed at our institution between July 1977 and March 1984. We report acute cutaneous GVHD occurring in seven patients who received autologous marrow and two patients who received marrow from an identical twin. All nine patients had clinically detectable eruptions and had skin biopsy specimens with histologic changes of grade 2 acute GVHD. Although most cases were mild and self-limiting, four patients required systemic corticosteroids to treat their disease. Thus, acute cutaneous GVHD was seen in approximately 8% of patients receiving autologous or syngeneic bone marrow transplants at our institution.