| D010012 |
Osteogenesis |
The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification. |
Bone Formation,Ossification, Physiologic,Endochondral Ossification,Ossification,Ossification, Physiological,Osteoclastogenesis,Physiologic Ossification,Endochondral Ossifications,Ossification, Endochondral,Ossifications,Ossifications, Endochondral,Osteoclastogeneses,Physiological Ossification |
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| D010513 |
Periodontal Ligament |
The fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE surrounding the TOOTH ROOT, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS). |
Alveolodental Ligament,Alveolodental Membrane,Gomphosis,Alveolodental Ligaments,Alveolodental Membranes,Gomphoses,Ligament, Alveolodental,Ligament, Periodontal,Membrane, Alveolodental,Periodontal Ligaments |
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| D002454 |
Cell Differentiation |
Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. |
Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell |
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| D002478 |
Cells, Cultured |
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. |
Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell |
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| D006801 |
Humans |
Members of the species Homo sapiens. |
Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man |
|
| D000071186 |
Beclin-1 |
An autophagy related protein which functions as a core subunit of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES. It mediates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and functions in AUTOPHAGY, where it is required for maturation of the AUTOPHAGOSOME. It also functions in ENDOCYTOSIS and CYTOKINESIS as part of a separate complex. Beclin-1 associates with INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES and interacts with the PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2 and BCL-X PROTEIN. |
ATG-6 Protein,ATG6 Protein,Beclin-1 Protein,Beclin1,Coiled-coil Myosin-like Bcl2-interacting Protein,GT197 Protein,ATG 6 Protein,Beclin 1,Beclin 1 Protein,Coiled coil Myosin like Bcl2 interacting Protein |
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| D001343 |
Autophagy |
The segregation and degradation of various cytoplasmic constituents via engulfment by MULTIVESICULAR BODIES; VACUOLES; or AUTOPHAGOSOMES and their digestion by LYSOSOMES. It plays an important role in BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS and in the removal of bone by OSTEOCLASTS. Defective autophagy is associated with various diseases, including NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES and cancer. |
Autophagocytosis,ER-Phagy,Lipophagy,Nucleophagy,Reticulophagy,Ribophagy,Autophagy, Cellular,Cellular Autophagy,ER Phagy |
|
| D013234 |
Stem Cells |
Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. |
Colony-Forming Units,Mother Cells,Progenitor Cells,Colony-Forming Unit,Cell, Mother,Cell, Progenitor,Cell, Stem,Cells, Mother,Cells, Progenitor,Cells, Stem,Colony Forming Unit,Colony Forming Units,Mother Cell,Progenitor Cell,Stem Cell |
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| D015398 |
Signal Transduction |
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. |
Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal |
|
| D015675 |
Osteocalcin |
Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX. |
Bone Gla Protein,Calcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin K-Dependent,Gla Protein, Bone,Vitamin K-Dependent Bone Protein,4-Carboxyglutamic Protein, Bone,Bone gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid Protein,4 Carboxyglutamic Protein, Bone,Bone 4-Carboxyglutamic Protein,Bone gamma Carboxyglutamic Acid Protein,Calcium Binding Protein, Vitamin K Dependent,Protein, Bone 4-Carboxyglutamic,Protein, Bone Gla,Vitamin K Dependent Bone Protein |
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