Quality control in PET/CT and PET/MRI: Results of a survey amongst European countries. 2022

Gabriel Reynés-Llompart, and Alessandra Zorz, and Ronald Boellaard, and Jaroslav Ptáček, and Lucy Pike, and Marine Soret, and Stefaan Vandenberghe, and Roberta Matheoud
Medical Physics Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: greynes@iconcologia.net.

OBJECTIVE An EFOMP Working Group (WG) was created in 2020 to establish recommendations for PET/CT/MRI Quality Control (QC). The WG's intention was to create a document containing a set of measurements suitable for routine practice. In order to map the current situation in PET facilities, the WG prepared a survey addressed to European Medical Physics Experts (MPE). METHODS The survey was conducted using an electronic questionnaire with 10 sections, for a total of 43 multiple choice or open questions. Data regarding general information, model of installed scanners, contract of maintenance and phantoms available were collected. The focal part of the questionnaire concerned the QC protocol adopted and accreditation programs. RESULTS 123 answers from 24 countries were collected. 90.2% of the respondents are affiliated as staff MPEs; 45% have non-digital TOF PET/CT scanners with a contract of maintenance (97.6%). In 98.4% and 86.8% of responding centres a sealed source for daily QC and the NEMA Image Quality Phantom were present. 94.3% of respondents perform daily QC according to manufacturer recommendations, while NEMA Tests are not performed routinely (51.2%). 56.1% of the respondents have scanners accredited by a national or international organization. 56% of the centres perform annual CT tests, while more than 90% do not perform any MRI QCs. CONCLUSIONS The results of the survey show that there is a lack of harmonization in the PET QC procedures across Europe. The information obtained will guide the WG in proposing a guideline containing a set of measurements suitable for the clinical routine.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008279 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D011786 Quality Control A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) Control, Quality,Controls, Quality,Quality Controls
D011795 Surveys and Questionnaires Collections of data obtained from voluntary subjects. The information usually takes the form of answers to questions, or suggestions. Community Survey,Nonrespondent,Questionnaire,Questionnaires,Respondent,Survey,Survey Method,Survey Methods,Surveys,Baseline Survey,Community Surveys,Methodology, Survey,Nonrespondents,Questionnaire Design,Randomized Response Technique,Repeated Rounds of Survey,Respondents,Survey Methodology,Baseline Surveys,Design, Questionnaire,Designs, Questionnaire,Methods, Survey,Questionnaire Designs,Questionnaires and Surveys,Randomized Response Techniques,Response Technique, Randomized,Response Techniques, Randomized,Survey, Baseline,Survey, Community,Surveys, Baseline,Surveys, Community,Techniques, Randomized Response
D005060 Europe The continent north of AFRICA, west of ASIA and east of the ATLANTIC OCEAN. Northern Europe,Southern Europe,Western Europe
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000072078 Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography An imaging technique that combines a POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) scanner and a CT X RAY scanner. This establishes a precise anatomic localization in the same session. CT PET,CT PET Scan,PET CT Scan,PET-CT,PET-CT Scan,Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography,CT PET Scans,CT Scan, PET,CT Scans, PET,PET CT Scans,PET Scan, CT,PET Scans, CT,PET-CT Scans,Scan, CT PET,Scan, PET CT,Scan, PET-CT,Scans, CT PET,Scans, PET CT,Scans, PET-CT
D049268 Positron-Emission Tomography An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower. PET Imaging,PET Scan,Positron-Emission Tomography Imaging,Tomography, Positron-Emission,Imaging, PET,Imaging, Positron-Emission Tomography,PET Imagings,PET Scans,Positron Emission Tomography,Positron Emission Tomography Imaging,Positron-Emission Tomography Imagings,Scan, PET,Tomography Imaging, Positron-Emission,Tomography, Positron Emission
D019047 Phantoms, Imaging Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990) Phantoms, Radiographic,Phantoms, Radiologic,Radiographic Phantoms,Radiologic Phantoms,Phantom, Radiographic,Phantom, Radiologic,Radiographic Phantom,Radiologic Phantom,Imaging Phantom,Imaging Phantoms,Phantom, Imaging

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