Pineal glands were incubated in the presence of [3H] methoxytryptophan with and without methoxamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The beta-adrenoceptor-stimulated pineal glands were capable of converting methoxytryptophan to methoxytryptamine, melatonin, methoxyindole acetic acid, and methoxytryptophol, albeit in small quantities. Only methoxyindole acetic acid was detectable after incubation of unstimulated and alpha-adrenergic-agonist-treated pineal glands. These results support the proposal that melatonin can be formed from methoxytryptophan although this is a minor synthetic pathway, and the classic pathway from serotonin via N-acetylserotonin should be considered to be responsible for the majority of pineal melatonin production.