Biomaterial Database

Smoking during pregnancy--effects on the fetal thyroid function. 1986

A Meberg, and S Marstein

Infants delivered at term by mothers smoking at least 10 cigarettes daily during pregnancy (n = 46) were found to be growth retarded compared to infants of non-smoking mothers (n = 49), birthweights 3,445 +/- 385 (SD) g and 3,667 +/- 392 g respectively (p less than 0.05) in the two groups. Cord serum thyrotropin (TSH) was significantly decreased (8.2 +/- 4.0 U/l vs. 10.3 +/- 4.9 U/l) and free thyroxine index (FT4I)/TSH ratio significantly increased (18.8 +/- 9.0 vs. 14.4 +/- 7.6) (p less than 0.05) in the smoking group compared to infants of non-smokers. Cord serum thyroxine (T4) and FT4I were higher in the smoking group (149.0 +/- 22.4 nmol/l and 125.5 +/- 14.9 respectively) compared to infants of non-smoking mothers (140.6 +/- 21.6 nmol/l and 120.0 +/- 16.5 respectively), with borderline statistical significance (0.05 less than p less than 0.10). The results indicate that infants of smoking mothers may have a hyperfunction of the thyroid gland at birth compared to infants of non-smokers, with a negative feed-back on TSH production from the pituitary gland. Increased metabolic rate and oxygen consumption caused by fetal thyroid hyperfunction may be pathogenetic factors for the fetal growth retardation caused by maternal smoking.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D005260	Female		Females
D005312	Fetal Blood	Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.	Cord Blood,Umbilical Cord Blood,Blood, Cord,Blood, Fetal,Blood, Umbilical Cord,Bloods, Cord,Bloods, Fetal,Bloods, Umbilical Cord,Cord Blood, Umbilical,Cord Bloods,Cord Bloods, Umbilical,Fetal Bloods,Umbilical Cord Bloods
D005317	Fetal Growth Retardation	Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	Growth Retardation, Intrauterine,Intrauterine Growth Retardation,Fetal Growth Restriction,Intrauterine Growth Restriction
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012907	Smoking	Willful or deliberate act of inhaling and exhaling SMOKE from burning substances or agents held by hand.	Smoking Behaviors,Smoking Habit,Behavior, Smoking,Behaviors, Smoking,Habit, Smoking,Habits, Smoking,Smoking Behavior,Smoking Habits
D013861	Thiocyanates	Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN.	Rhodanate,Rhodanates
D013960	Thyroid Function Tests	Blood tests used to evaluate the functioning of the thyroid gland.	Jostel's TSH Index,Jostel's Thyrotropin Index,Protein-Bound Iodine Test,SPINA-GD,SPINA-GT,Secretory Capacity of the Thyroid Gland,Sum Activity of Peripheral Deiodinases,Thyrotroph Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity Index,Thyroid Gland Function Tests,Function Test, Thyroid,Iodine Test, Protein-Bound,Jostel TSH Index,Jostel Thyrotropin Index,Jostel's TSH Indices,Jostels TSH Index,Jostels Thyrotropin Index,Protein Bound Iodine Test,Protein-Bound Iodine Tests,TSH Index, Jostel's,Test, Protein-Bound Iodine,Test, Thyroid Function,Thyroid Function Test,Thyrotropin Index, Jostel's
D013961	Thyroid Gland	A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.	Thyroid,Gland, Thyroid,Glands, Thyroid,Thyroid Glands,Thyroids