In this paper, we study and analyse the real-time information exchange strategy of big data in the Internet of Things (IoT) and propose a primitive sensory data storage method (TSBPS) based on spatial-temporal chunking preprocessing, which substantially improves the speed of near real-time storage and writing of microsensory data through spatial-temporal prechunking, data compression, cache batch writing, and other techniques. The model is based on the idea of partitioning, which divides the storage and query of perceptual data into the microperceptual data layer and the perceptual data layer. The microaware data layer mainly studies the storage optimization and query optimization of raw sensory data and cleaned valid data; the aware data is the aggregation and statistics of microaware data, and the aware data layer mainly studies the storage optimization and query optimization of aware data. By arranging multiple wireless sensors at key monitoring points to collect corresponding data, building the core data service backend of the system, defining multifunctional servers, and constructing an optimal database model, we effectively solve the parameter collection and classification aggregation processing of different devices. To address the requirement of reliable and secure transmission in the process, we design a highly concurrent and high-performance TCP-based socket two-layer transmission framework and introduce the asymmetric encryption method (RSA) and data integrity verification method to design a transmission protocol that is both reliable and secure. The integration of big data and IoT is bound to bring the intelligence of human society to a new level with unlimited development prospects.