One hundred twenty knees were examined prospectively with both axial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to compare the value of these techniques in patients with clinical evidence of meniscal tears. Sixty-four of these knees were subsequently evaluated with diagnostic arthroscopy. In this group, CT was superior to MR imaging for meniscus evaluation in 29.7% of the knees, equal to MR in 54.7%, and inferior to MR in 15.6%. Although surface-coil MR imaging shows great promise and has numerous advantages over more conventional techniques, this preliminary experience suggests that, at least with certain imaging equipment and techniques, CT may be slightly more efficacious than 0.5-T MR imaging in meniscus evaluation. However, further comparative studies at higher field strengths are needed before the relative roles of CT and MR imaging can be established.