Clinical and molecular aspects of congenital aniridia - A review of current concepts. 2022

Shailja Tibrewal, and Ria Ratna, and Abha Gour, and Sumita Agarkar, and Suneeta Dubey, and Suma Ganesh, and Ramesh Kekunnaya, and Virender Sangwan, and Yutao Liu, and Vanita Vanita
Department of Ocular Genetics; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Daryaganj, New Delhi, India.

Congenital aniridia is a pan ocular disorder characterized by partial or total loss of iris tissue as the defining feature. Classic aniridia, however, has a spectrum of ocular findings, including foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia, nystagmus, late-onset cataract, glaucoma, and keratopathy. The latter three are reasons for further visual compromise in such patients. This entity is often due to mutations in the PAX6 (Paired box protein Pax-6) gene. Recently, aniridia-like phenotypes have been reported due to non-PAX6 mutations as in PITX2, FOXC1, FOXD3, TRIM44, and CYP1B1 as well wherein there is an overlap of aniridia, such as iris defects with congenital glaucoma or anterior segment dysgenesis. In this review, we describe the various clinical features of classic aniridia, the comorbidities and their management, the mutation spectrum of the genes involved, genotype-phenotype correlation of PAX6 and non-PAX6 mutations, and the genetic testing plan. The various systemic associations and their implications in screening and genetic testing have been discussed. Finally, the future course of aniridia treatment in the form of drugs (such as ataluren) and targeted gene therapy has been discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010641 Phenotype The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment. Phenotypes
D005124 Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary. Abnormalities, Eye,Abnormality, Eye,Eye Abnormality
D005901 Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) Glaucomas
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000070584 Tripartite Motif Proteins A protein family defined by the presence of three ZINC FINGER domains, one of which is a RING FINGER DOMAIN, a coiled-coil region, and a highly variable C-terminal region. They function in many cellular processes including APOPTOSIS and CELL CYCLE regulation. RBCC Protein,TRIM Protein,Tripartite Motif Protein,RBCC Protein Family,RBCC Proteins,TRIM Protein Family,TRIM Proteins,Family, RBCC Protein,Family, TRIM Protein,Motif Protein, Tripartite,Motif Proteins, Tripartite,Protein Family, RBCC,Protein Family, TRIM,Protein, RBCC,Protein, TRIM,Protein, Tripartite Motif,Proteins, RBCC,Proteins, TRIM,Proteins, Tripartite Motif
D000071841 PAX6 Transcription Factor A paired box transcription factor that has important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Mutations in the PAX6 gene are associated with ocular disorders such as ANIRIDIA. Aniridia Type II Protein,Oculorhombin,PAX6 Protein,Paired Box Gene 6 Protein,Paired Box Protein Pax-6,Paired Box Transcription Factor 6,Pax-6 Protein,Pax6.1 Protein,Pax6.2 Protein,Transcription Factor PAX6,Factor PAX6, Transcription,Factor, PAX6 Transcription,PAX6, Transcription Factor,Paired Box Protein Pax 6,Pax 6 Protein,Protein, PAX6,Protein, Pax-6,Protein, Pax6.1,Protein, Pax6.2,Transcription Factor, PAX6
D015783 Aniridia A congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of the optic cup to grow. Aniridia also occurs in a hereditary form, usually autosomal dominant. Absent Iris,Congenital Aniridia,Irideremia
D047908 Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors. Intracellular Signaling Peptides,Intracellular Signaling Proteins,Peptides, Intracellular Signaling,Proteins, Intracellular Signaling,Signaling Peptides, Intracellular,Signaling Proteins, Intracellular

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