An Experimental Dermal Oedema Model for Apx Toxins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. 2022

Francesca Soutter, and Simon L Priestnall, and Brian Catchpole, and Andrew N Rycroft
Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. Electronic address: francesca.soutter@sruc.ac.uk.

In-vivo models of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) infection in pigs are required for the development of vaccines and investigations of pathogenicity. Existing models cause severe respiratory disease with pulmonary oedema, dyspnoea and severe thoracic pain, and careful monitoring and early intervention with euthanasia is, therefore, needed to avoid unnecessary suffering in experimental animals. As a potential replacement for the existing respiratory infection model, an in-vivo protocol was evaluated using intradermal or subcutaneous injection of different App strains and Apx toxins into the abdominal skin of pigs. High concentrations of serovar 1 and serovar 10 App induced diffuse visible dermal oedema and inflammation. Injection of Apx toxins alone did not adequately produce macroscopic lesions, although an influx of inflammatory cells was seen on histopathology. ApxI-producing strains of App induced more inflammation than ApxII- and ApxIII-producing strains. Induction of skin lesions by injection of App or Apx toxins was not sufficiently repeatable or discrete for a robust experimental model that could be used for assessment of novel interventions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007249 Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D008962 Models, Theoretical Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Experimental Model,Experimental Models,Mathematical Model,Model, Experimental,Models (Theoretical),Models, Experimental,Models, Theoretic,Theoretical Study,Mathematical Models,Model (Theoretical),Model, Mathematical,Model, Theoretical,Models, Mathematical,Studies, Theoretical,Study, Theoretical,Theoretical Model,Theoretical Models,Theoretical Studies
D004487 Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. Dropsy,Hydrops,Anasarca
D006460 Hemolysin Proteins Proteins from BACTERIA and FUNGI that are soluble enough to be secreted to target ERYTHROCYTES and insert into the membrane to form beta-barrel pores. Biosynthesis may be regulated by HEMOLYSIN FACTORS. Hemolysin,Hemolysins,Hemalysins,Proteins, Hemolysin
D000189 Actinobacillus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS. Infections, Actinobacillus,Actinobacillus Infection,Infection, Actinobacillus
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001426 Bacterial Proteins Proteins found in any species of bacterium. Bacterial Gene Products,Bacterial Gene Proteins,Gene Products, Bacterial,Bacterial Gene Product,Bacterial Gene Protein,Bacterial Protein,Gene Product, Bacterial,Gene Protein, Bacterial,Gene Proteins, Bacterial,Protein, Bacterial,Proteins, Bacterial
D001427 Bacterial Toxins Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases. Bacterial Toxin,Toxins, Bacterial,Toxin, Bacterial
D013552 Swine Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA). Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D013553 Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus. Disease, Swine,Diseases, Swine,Swine Disease

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