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Plaque characteristics and biomarkers predicting regression and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. 2022
Faisel Khan, and
Isabel Gonçalves, and
Angela C Shore, and
Andrea Natali, and
Carlo Palombo, and
Helen M Colhoun, and
Gerd Östling, and
Francesco Casanova, and
Cecilia Kennbäck, and
Kunihiko Aizawa, and
Margaretha Persson, and
Kim M Gooding, and
David Strain, and
Helen Looker, and
Fiona Dove, and
Jill Belch, and
Silvia Pinnola, and
Elena Venturi, and
Michaela Kozakova, and
Jan Nilsson
Division of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
The factors that influence the atherosclerotic disease process in high-risk individuals remain poorly understood. Here, we used a combination of vascular imaging, risk factor assessment, and biomarkers to identify factors associated with 3-year change in carotid disease severity in a cohort of high-risk subjects treated with preventive therapy (n = 865). The results show that changes in intima-media thickness (IMT) are most pronounced in the carotid bulb. Progression of bulb IMT demonstrates independent associations with baseline bulb IMT, the plaque gray scale median (GSM), and the plasma level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (standardized β-coefficients and 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.14 [-0.06 to -0.02] p = 0.001, 0.15 [0.02-0.07] p = 0.001, and 0.20 [0.03-0.07] p < 0.001, respectively). Plasma PDGF correlates with the plaque GSM (0.23 [0.15-0.29] p < 0.001). These observations provide insight into the atherosclerotic process in high-risk subjects by showing that progression primarily occurs in fibrotic plaques and is associated with increased levels of PDGF.
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