Proteins, possibly human, found in World War II concentration camp artifact. 2022

Heyi Yang, and Erin Butler, and Samantha A Monier, and Donald Siegel
Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, 10016, USA.

Museums displaying artifacts of the human struggle against oppression are often caught in their own internal struggle between presenting factual and unbiased descriptions of their collections, or relying on testament of survivors. Often this quandary is resolved in favor of what can be verified, not what is remembered. However, with improving instrumentation, methods and informatic approaches, science can help uncover evidence able to reconcile memory and facts. Following World War II, thousands of small, cement-like disks with numbers impressed on one side were found at concentration camps throughout Europe. Survivors claimed these disks were made of human cremains; museums erred on the side of caution-without documentation of the claims, was it justifiable to present them as fact? The ability to detect species relevant biological material in these disks could help resolve this question. Proteomic mass spectrometry of five disks revealed all contained proteins, including collagens and hemoglobins, suggesting they were made, at least in part, of animal remains. A new protein/informatics approach to species identification showed that while human was not always identified as the top contributor, human was the most likely explanation for one disk. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of protein recovery from cremains. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD035267.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D003209 Concentration Camps A place where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labor or to await mass execution. Death Camps,Internment Camps,Camp, Concentration,Camp, Death,Camp, Internment,Camps, Concentration,Camps, Death,Camps, Internment,Concentration Camp,Death Camp,Internment Camp
D005060 Europe The continent north of AFRICA, west of ASIA and east of the ATLANTIC OCEAN. Northern Europe,Southern Europe,Western Europe
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D016477 Artifacts Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity being analyzed. Common examples include histological structures introduced by tissue processing, radiographic images of structures that are not naturally present in living tissue, and products of chemical reactions that occur during analysis. Artefacts,Artefact,Artifact
D047789 World War II Global conflict involving countries of Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America that occurred between 1939 and 1945. World War, 1939-1945,2nd World War,Second World War,1939-1945 World War,Second World Wars,War, Second World,Wars, 2nd World,Wars, Second World,World War, 1939 1945,World War, 2nd,World War, Second,World Wars, Second
D040901 Proteomics The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms. Peptidomics

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