Diagnostic and Management Considerations for the IPAA With Crohn's Disease-Like Features. 2022

Shintaro Akiyama, and Emma C Dyer, and David T Rubin
Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

Patients with ulcerative colitis often develop medically refractory colonic inflammation or colorectal neoplasia, and approximately 10% to 15% of patients require surgery. The most common surgical procedure is a restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA. Even if the preoperative diagnosis is ulcerative colitis, approximately 10% of patients can develop inflammatory pouch conditions resembling a Crohn's disease phenotype. This study aimed to review the diagnostic approach, prognosis, and management of IPAA with Crohn's disease-like features. The data sources include search in electronic databases. This narrative review included studies focusing on pouches with Crohn's disease-like features. The main topics in this review included the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, phenotypes, prognosis, and medications of pouches with Crohn's disease-like features. A diagnostic approach for the pouch conditions resembling a Crohn's disease phenotype should be based on history-taking to evaluate its risk factors and endoscopic assessment of the pouch. Prior disease history and pathology, location of pouch complications, and timing of complications offer clues for the differential diagnosis of this phenotype. We advocate for the more descriptive term "pouch with Crohn's disease-like features" and reserve the term "Crohn's disease of the pouch" for patients who undergo IPAA and have a precolectomy diagnosis of Crohn's disease or whose colectomy pathology revealed Crohn's disease. Medications, which are often used for traditional Crohn's disease, show efficacy in pouches with Crohn's disease-like features as well. The poor prognosis associated with pouches with Crohn's disease-like features, particularly the fistulizing phenotype, underscores the importance of proactive monitoring and therapeutic intervention. The limitations include no explicit criteria for article selection. This review suggests future research should seek to understand the natural history and meaningful shorter and longer term therapeutic targets for these types of pouch phenotypes. Long-term follow-up and prospective preoperative and postoperative interventional trials of treatments and prevention strategies are needed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011446 Prospective Studies Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D003093 Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. Colitis Gravis,Idiopathic Proctocolitis,Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcerative Colitis Type,Ulcerative Colitis
D003424 Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. Colitis, Granulomatous,Enteritis, Granulomatous,Enteritis, Regional,Ileitis, Regional,Ileitis, Terminal,Ileocolitis,Crohn's Disease,Crohn's Enteritis,Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1,Regional Enteritis,Crohns Disease,Granulomatous Colitis,Granulomatous Enteritis,Regional Ileitides,Regional Ileitis,Terminal Ileitis
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D016737 Proctocolectomy, Restorative A surgical procedure involving the excision of the COLON and RECTUM and the formation of an ILEOANAL RESERVOIR (pouch). In patients with intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, this procedure avoids the need for an OSTOMY by allowing for transanal defecation. Coloproctectomy, Restorative,Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis,Proctocolectomy,Total Proctocolectomy,Total Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis,Proctocolectomies,Proctocolectomy, Total,Restorative Coloproctectomies,Restorative Coloproctectomy,Restorative Proctocolectomies,Restorative Proctocolectomy,Total Proctocolectomies
D039021 Colonic Pouches Sacs or reservoirs created to function in place of the COLON and/or RECTUM in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy (PROCTOCOLECTOMY, RESTORATIVE). Ileal Pouches,Ileal Reservoirs,Ileoanal Pouches,Ileoanal Reservoirs,J-Pouch,Kock Pouch,Pelvic Pouches,S-Pouch,W-Pouch,Colonic Pouche,Ileal Pouche,Ileal Reservoir,Ileoanal Reservoir,J Pouch,Pouch, Kock,Pouche, Colonic,Pouche, Ileal,Pouches, Colonic,Pouches, Ileal,Pouches, Ileoanal,Pouches, Pelvic,Reservoir, Ileal,Reservoir, Ileoanal,Reservoirs, Ileal,Reservoirs, Ileoanal,S Pouch,S-Pouchs,W Pouch

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