Biomaterial Database

The effect of zwitterionic detergents on the extraction and functional properties of cartilage proteoglycans. 1987

S Byers, and T J Hopkins, and K E Kuettner, and J H Kimura

A range of structurally related zwitterionic detergents, Zwittergents 3-06, 3-08, 3-10, and 3-12, and a derivative of cholic acid (Chaps) were examined for their ability to enhance the extraction of newly synthesized, intracellular proteoglycans and for their effect on the functional properties of cartilage proteoglycan. Although none of the detergents could extract greater than 4% of the intracellular proteoglycans when used alone, Zwittergents 3-10, 3-12, and Chaps proved equally as effective when used in combination with 4 M guanidine HCl extracting greater than 90% of newly synthesized proteoglycans. Rate zonal centrifugation of aggregates containing either 3H-link protein or 3H-monomer, which had been incubated with 2% (w/v) detergent indicated that none of the test detergents caused a disassembly of intact aggregates. However, both Zwittergents 3-10 and 3-12 prevented the reaggregation of components dissociated with 4 M guanidine HCl. Similar to the finding with aggregate, none of the detergents caused a disassembly of monomer-link protein complexes prepared from purified 3H-link protein and proteoglycan monomer, while Zwittergents 3-10 and 3-12 prevented their assembly from free link protein and monomer. However, monomer-link protein complexes once formed were able to associate with hyaluronic acid to form link-stable ternary complexes in the presence of all detergents tested including Zwittergents 3-10 and 3-12.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011509	Proteoglycans	Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.	Proteoglycan,Proteoglycan Type H
D002356	Cartilage	A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.	Cartilages
D002498	Centrifugation	Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D002793	Cholic Acids	The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.	Cholalic Acids,Acids, Cholalic,Acids, Cholic
D003902	Detergents	Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.	Cleansing Agents,Detergent Pods,Laundry Detergent Pods,Laundry Pods,Syndet,Synthetic Detergent,Agent, Cleansing,Agents, Cleansing,Cleansing Agent,Detergent,Detergent Pod,Detergent Pod, Laundry,Detergent Pods, Laundry,Detergent, Synthetic,Detergents, Synthetic,Laundry Detergent Pod,Laundry Pod,Pod, Detergent,Pod, Laundry,Pod, Laundry Detergent,Pods, Detergent,Pods, Laundry,Pods, Laundry Detergent,Synthetic Detergents
D000644	Quaternary Ammonium Compounds	Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN	Quaternary Ammonium Compound,Ammonium Compound, Quaternary,Ammonium Compounds, Quaternary,Compound, Quaternary Ammonium
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013501	Surface-Active Agents	Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.	Surface Active Agent,Surface-Active Agent,Surfactant,Surfactants,Tenside,Amphiphilic Agents,Surface Active Agents,Tensides,Active Agent, Surface,Active Agents, Surface,Agent, Surface Active,Agent, Surface-Active,Agents, Amphiphilic,Agents, Surface Active,Agents, Surface-Active
D014325	Tromethamine	An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	Tris Buffer,Trisamine,Trometamol,Tri(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,Tris-Magnesium(II)-Potassium Chloride Buffer,Tris-Mg(II)-KCl Buffer,Trizma
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus