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Fluoride varnish, ozone and octenidine reduce the incidence of white spot lesions and caries during orthodontic treatment: randomized controlled trial. 2022

Katarzyna Grocholewicz, and Paulina Mikłasz, and Alicja Zawiślak, and Ewa Sobolewska, and Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.

This randomized, parallel, controlled trial assessed the effect of fluoride varnish, ozone and octenidine on white spot lesions (WSLs) and caries during orthodontic treatment. Patients were enrolled between 1st September 2017 and 31st August 2020 at initiation of orthodontic treatment in Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. All participants were randomly assigned to four study and one control groups using number random generator. However, investigators were not blinded due to the nature of the study. Groups I, II, III, IV had professional cleaning and varnishing (5% NaF) every 4 weeks. Groups II and IV had in-office ozone therapy before varnishing, groups III and IV received domestic octenidine mouthrinse. Group K had no professional hygienic or prophylactic procedures. WSLs were assessed at T0 and then every 4 weeks (T1-T4) and caries-at T0 and T4. The specific objective was to assess the influence of fluoride varnish, ozone and octenidine on the incidence of white spot lesions and caries during orthodontic treatment. The primary outcome of this report was the highest number of WSLs in group K and the lowest percentage of patients with WSLs in group IV. Each group comprised 30 randomized participants; they were all analyzed. No WSLs were found at T0, but they were stated in all groups at T4. The numbers of patients with WSLs significantly increased between T0-T4 in groups I and K. Group IV had the lowest percentage of patients with WSLs in T1-T4. WSLs in group IV were found no earlier than at T2. Group K had the highest percentage of WSLs at T4: 26%. At T0 all the groups had DMFs above 0 with a significant increase at T4. No side effects of the introduced prophylaxis were observed in any group. Caries is an important problem of fixed orthodontic treatment. Even an extremely intensive prophylaxis could not completely prevent WSLs and caries. Simultaneous application of fluoride varnish, ozone gas exposure and octenidine appears to have a beneficial effect in limiting the development of WSLs.Trial registration: NCT04992481.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007097 Imines Organic compounds containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond where a NITROGEN atom can be attached to HYDROGEN or an alkyl or aryl group. Imine
D010126 Ozone The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE). Ground Level Ozone,Low Level Ozone,Tropospheric Ozone,Level Ozone, Ground,Level Ozone, Low,Ozone, Ground Level,Ozone, Low Level,Ozone, Tropospheric
D011725 Pyridines Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.
D002327 Cariostatic Agents Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) Cariostatic Effect,Cariostatic Effects,Agent, Cariostatic,Agents, Cariostatic,Cariostatic Agent,Effect, Cariostatic,Effects, Cariostatic
D003731 Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. Caries, Dental,Carious Lesions,Dental Cavities,Dental Cavity,Dental Decay,Dental White Spots,Carious Dentin,Decay, Dental,Dental White Spot,White Spot, Dental,White Spots, Dental,Carious Dentins,Carious Lesion,Cavities, Dental,Cavity, Dental,Dentin, Carious,Dentins, Carious,Lesion, Carious,Lesions, Carious,Spot, Dental White,Spots, Dental White
D003733 Dental Caries Susceptibility The predisposition to tooth decay (DENTAL CARIES). Dental Caries Resistance,Caries Resistance, Dental,Caries Susceptibility, Dental,Resistance, Dental Caries,Susceptibility, Dental Caries
D005459 Fluorides Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices. Fluoride
D005460 Fluorides, Topical Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES. Fluoride Varnishes,Topical Fluorides,Varnishes, Fluoride
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015994 Incidence The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases in the population at a given time. Attack Rate,Cumulative Incidence,Incidence Proportion,Incidence Rate,Person-time Rate,Secondary Attack Rate,Attack Rate, Secondary,Attack Rates,Cumulative Incidences,Incidence Proportions,Incidence Rates,Incidence, Cumulative,Incidences,Person time Rate,Person-time Rates,Proportion, Incidence,Rate, Attack,Rate, Incidence,Rate, Person-time,Rate, Secondary Attack,Secondary Attack Rates

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