It is well known that closure of the cardia is incomplete in about 25-30% of all infants; the GER is a direct consequence. Roughly two-thirds of these infants do not show symptoms and only one-third become symptomatic. The symptoms are mild in about 75% of the symptomatic children; no treatment or medical treatment by pediatrician is required. In the remaining 25% the symptoms are moderate or severe and the clinical treatment is necessary. About the 85% of these children are cured with conservative treatment and only 15% of this small remaining group require surgery. In the paper the diagnostic problems and indications for surgery are considered. The Authors report the results of 66 children operated on for GER without (44 children) and with (22 children) hiatus hernia. The operative technique was gastropexy according to Boerema plus retroesophageal hiatopexy in the cases of important hiatus hernia. At the follow-up 61 children (92.5%) were completely asymptomatic and three showed mild symptoms without pathological radiological findings. Clinical and radiological recurrences occurred in two patients (4.5%) with severe brain damage. Two children were reoperated on postoperatively for an ileus due to adhesion. The mortality rate has been zero. In the author's opinion, the Boerema procedure is a simple, physiologic and fast technique, associated with very few complications and no mortality rate and should be considered the elective method in the surgical treatment of GER and hiatal hernia in pediatric patients.