AGO104 is a RdDM effector of paramutation at the maize b1 locus. 2022

Juliette Aubert, and Fanny Bellegarde, and Omar Oltehua-Lopez, and Olivier Leblanc, and Mario A Arteaga-Vazquez, and Robert A Martienssen, and Daniel Grimanelli
DIADE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France.

Although paramutation has been well-studied at a few hallmark loci involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon remain largely unknown. Previously described actors of paramutation encode components of the RNA-directed DNA-methylation (RdDM) pathway that participate in the biogenesis of 24-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (24-nt siRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs. In this study, we uncover an ARGONAUTE (AGO) protein as an effector of the RdDM pathway that is in charge of guiding 24-nt siRNAs to their DNA target to create de novo DNA methylation. We combined immunoprecipitation, small RNA sequencing and reverse genetics to, first, validate AGO104 as a member of the RdDM effector complex and, then, investigate its role in paramutation. We found that AGO104 binds 24-nt siRNAs involved in RdDM, including those required for paramutation at the b1 locus. We also show that the ago104-5 mutation causes a partial reversion of the paramutation phenotype at the b1 locus, revealed by intermediate pigmentation levels in stem tissues. Therefore, our results place AGO104 as a new member of the RdDM effector complex that plays a role in paramutation at the b1 locus in maize.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009154 Mutation Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations. Mutations
D003313 Zea mays A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER. Corn,Indian Corn,Maize,Teosinte,Zea,Corn, Indian
D004247 DNA A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine). DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D018506 Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants. Plant Gene Expression Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression, Plant,Regulation, Gene Expression, Plant
D018749 RNA, Plant Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. Plant RNA
D019175 DNA Methylation Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor. DNA Methylations,Methylation, DNA,Methylations, DNA
D029681 Arabidopsis Proteins Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments. Arabidopsis thaliana Proteins,Thale Cress Proteins,Proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana,thaliana Proteins, Arabidopsis
D034741 RNA, Small Interfering Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions. RNA, Scan,Repeat-Associated siRNA,Scan RNA,Small Scan RNA,Trans-Acting siRNA,siRNA,siRNA, Repeat-Associated,siRNA, Trans-Acting,Short Hairpin RNA,Short Interfering RNA,Small Hairpin RNA,Small Interfering RNA,scnRNA,shRNA,tasiRNA,Hairpin RNA, Short,Hairpin RNA, Small,Interfering RNA, Short,Interfering RNA, Small,RNA, Short Hairpin,RNA, Short Interfering,RNA, Small Hairpin,RNA, Small Scan,Repeat Associated siRNA,Scan RNA, Small,Trans Acting siRNA,siRNA, Repeat Associated,siRNA, Trans Acting

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