Biomaterial Database

The beneficial and harmful effects of positive end expiratory pressure. 1978

T J Toung, and P Saharia, and W A Mitzner, and S Permutt, and J L Cameron

The effects of increasing levels of positive end expiratory pressure on gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics were determined utilizing an ex vivo ventilated perfused canine pulmonary lobe. When zero positive end expiratory pressure was used, shunting, weight gain and a decrease in compliance occurred over the four and one-half hour experiment. Shunting was eliminated when 5, 10 or 15 centimeters of water of positive end expiratory pressure were used. However, increasing extravascular fluid sequestration and decreasing pulmonary compliance occurred progressively with increasing levels of positive end expiratory pressure above 5 centimeters of water. Pulmonary artery pressure increased immediately along with end inspiratory pressure, an amount approximately equal to the increase in positive end expiratory pressure, and this is thought to be the primary cause of the increased rate of fluid sequestration. These experiments suggest that an optimal level of positive end expiratory pressure exists when the shunt can be reduced and oxygenation improved without increasing the rate of extravascular fluid accumulation to the point where long time deleterious effects could outweigh immediate benefits.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D008170	Lung Compliance	The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)	Compliance, Lung,Compliances, Lung,Lung Compliances
D008176	Lung Volume Measurements	Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.	Lung Capacities,Lung Volumes,Capacity, Lung,Lung Capacity,Lung Volume,Lung Volume Measurement,Measurement, Lung Volume,Volume, Lung
D009929	Organ Size	The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.	Organ Volume,Organ Weight,Size, Organ,Weight, Organ
D011175	Positive-Pressure Respiration	A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.	Positive End-Expiratory Pressure,Positive-Pressure Ventilation,End-Expiratory Pressure, Positive,End-Expiratory Pressures, Positive,Positive End Expiratory Pressure,Positive End-Expiratory Pressures,Positive Pressure Respiration,Positive Pressure Ventilation,Positive-Pressure Respirations,Positive-Pressure Ventilations,Pressure, Positive End-Expiratory,Pressures, Positive End-Expiratory,Respiration, Positive-Pressure,Respirations, Positive-Pressure,Ventilation, Positive-Pressure,Ventilations, Positive-Pressure
D011651	Pulmonary Artery	The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.	Arteries, Pulmonary,Artery, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Arteries
D011652	Pulmonary Circulation	The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.	Pulmonary Blood Flow,Respiratory Circulation,Circulation, Pulmonary,Circulation, Respiratory,Blood Flow, Pulmonary,Flow, Pulmonary Blood,Pulmonary Blood Flows
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D001998	Bronchopulmonary Sequestration	A developmental anomaly in which a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue lacks normal connection with the tracheobroncheal tree and receives an anomalous blood supply originating from the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. The mass may be extralobar, i.e., completely separated from normally connected lung, or intralobar, i.e., partly surrounded by normal lung.	Pulmonary Sequestration,Bronchopulmonary Sequestrations,Pulmonary Sequestrations,Sequestration, Bronchopulmonary,Sequestration, Pulmonary,Sequestrations, Bronchopulmonary,Sequestrations, Pulmonary
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog