Fatigue sacral fractures: A case series and literature review. 2022

Aikaterini Tsatsaragkou, and Konstantinos Vlasis, and Konstantinos Raptis, and Evaggelos Zafeiris, and Andriana Mari, and Kalliopi Alpantaki, and Christos Koutserimpas
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Fatigue sacral fractures (FSFs) are rare and often misdiagnosed. This study presents a series of FSFs and a meticulous literature review. The present is an 11-year (2010-2021) retrospective observational study. The characteristics of all adult patients with FSF, including demographics, fracture type, treatment, history of fatigue fracture and imaging were evaluated. Eight cases (6 females; 75%), suffering from 12 fractures (4 bilateral cases) with mean age=33.4 years were studied. Two patients (25%) had suffered another fatigue fracture in the past. Mean symptoms' duration prior diagnosis was 8.5 weeks, while mean symptoms' duration after diagnosis was 10.75. In most cases (7; 87.5%), MRI revealed the fracture. According to the Kaeding-Miller classification; five fractures (42%) were grade III, four (33%) IV and three (25%) II. All patients were treated conservatively, with rest and analgesics, while three received vitamin D and calcium. One patient, due to delayed union, was commenced on teriparatide. FSFs are often misdiagnosed; therefore, they should be included in the differential diagnosis for chronic low back-or-hip pain in athletes. History of other fatigue injuries seems to be a predisposing factor. It is of paramount importance to obtain advanced imaging for identifying a FSF.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012189 Retrospective Studies Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D012447 Sacrum Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS. Sacra,Sacral Vertebra,Sacral Vertebrae,Sacrums,Vertebra, Sacral,Vertebrae, Sacral
D015775 Fractures, Stress Fractures due to the strain caused by repetitive exercise. They are thought to arise from a combination of MUSCLE FATIGUE and bone failure, and occur in situations where BONE REMODELING predominates over repair. The most common sites of stress fractures are the METATARSUS; FIBULA; TIBIA; and FEMORAL NECK. Fatigue Fractures,Fractures, Fatigue,Fractures, March,Stress Fractures,Bone Stress Reaction,Insufficiency Fractures,Micro Fractures,Microfractures,Stress Reaction, Bone,Bone Stress Reactions,Fatigue Fracture,Fracture, Fatigue,Fracture, Insufficiency,Fracture, March,Fracture, Micro,Fracture, Stress,Fractures, Micro,Insufficiency Fracture,March Fracture,March Fractures,Micro Fracture,Microfracture,Stress Fracture
D016103 Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column. Hangman Fracture,Hangman's Fracture,Fracture, Hangman,Fracture, Hangman's,Fracture, Spinal,Fractures, Spinal,Hangmans Fracture,Spinal Fracture
D019379 Teriparatide A polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995) Human Parathyroid Hormone (1-34),hPTH (1-34),Forteo,Parathar,Teriparatide Acetate
D064887 Observational Studies as Topic Works about clinical studies in which participants may receive diagnostic, therapeutic, or other types of interventions, but the investigator does not assign participants to specific interventions (as in an interventional study). Natural Experiment as Topic,Natural Experiments as Topic,Naturalistic Observation Studies as Topic,Naturalistic Observation Study as Topic,Observational Study as Topic

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