Cardiac arrest is followed by complete cerebral ischemia, which is characterized by delayed hypoperfusion and transient hypermetabolism. Brain metabolism depressant drugs, such as barbiturates, were suggested to improve neuronal outcome. The hypothesis of a cerebroprotective effect of barbiturates remained nevertheless controversial. In order to define the utility of large doses of thiopentone, the effect of thiopentone on carbohydrate and energy metabolism of 1-year old Wistar rats was investigated in an experimental model of complete reversible ischemia followed by a recovery period. No beneficial effect of high-dose thiopentone could be demonstrated by means of changes in the carbohydrate metabolism and the energyrich compounds. There were no differences between the treated group and the spontaneous recovery group. These results are mainly confirmed by other investigators. In contrast to focal ischemia and hypoxemia beneficial effects of barbiturates can not be demonstrated after complete cerebral ischemia in experimental studies and in clinical studies as well. In conclusion there is no indication for high-dose barbiturate therapy after cardiac arrest and successfull resuscitation.