Associations between low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets and hepatic steatosis. 2022

Xiude Li, and Meiling Li, and Linsheng Xu, and Xueke Zeng, and Tengfei Zhang, and Hu Yang, and Haowei Li, and Zhihao Zhou, and Yu Wang, and Chenghao Zhang, and Yu Zhu, and Yong Huang, and Zhuang Zhang, and Wanshui Yang
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

This study assessed the cross-sectional associations of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low-fat diets (LFDs) with hepatic steatosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diet was measured using the 24-hour recalls. Hepatic steatosis was defined by vibration-controlled transient elastography. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. Substitution analysis was performed using the leave-one-out model. Participants with higher adherence scores (comparing extreme tertiles) for an overall (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96, ptrend  = 0.049) or a healthful LCD (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.87, ptrend  < 0.001) exhibited lower odds of steatosis. Replacing 5% of the energy from carbohydrates with total fat and protein (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99) or unsaturated fat and plant protein (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.94) was associated with lower steatosis prevalence. High overall (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.13-2.40, ptrend  = 0.006) or unhealthful (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10-1.80, ptrend  < 0.001) LFD scores were associated with increased likelihood of steatosis. These findings suggest that the associations between LCDs and LFDs and steatosis may depend on the quality and food sources of the macronutrients.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009749 Nutrition Surveys A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS. NHANES,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,Nutritional Surveys,Nutrition Survey,Nutritional Survey,Survey, Nutrition,Survey, Nutritional,Surveys, Nutrition,Surveys, Nutritional
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D004040 Dietary Carbohydrates Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277) Carbohydrates, Dietary,Carbohydrate, Dietary,Dietary Carbohydrate
D005234 Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. Liver Steatosis,Steatohepatitis,Steatosis of Liver,Visceral Steatosis,Liver Steatoses,Liver, Fatty,Steatohepatitides,Steatoses, Liver,Steatoses, Visceral,Steatosis, Liver,Steatosis, Visceral,Visceral Steatoses
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D050528 Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted A diet that contains limited amounts of CARBOHYDRATES. This is in distinction to a regular DIET. Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet,Diet, Low Carbohydrate,Low-Carbohydrate Diet,Carbohydrate Diet, Low,Carbohydrate Diets, Low,Carbohydrate Restricted Diet,Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets,Diet, Carbohydrate Restricted,Diet, Low-Carbohydrate,Diets, Carbohydrate-Restricted,Diets, Low Carbohydrate,Diets, Low-Carbohydrate,Low Carbohydrate Diet,Low Carbohydrate Diets,Low-Carbohydrate Diets
D018752 Diet, Fat-Restricted A diet that contains limited amounts of fat with less than 30% of calories from all fats and less than 10% from saturated fat. Such a diet is used in control of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. (From Bondy et al, Metabolic Control and Disease, 8th ed, pp468-70; Dorland, 27th ed) Diet, Fat-Free,Diet, Low-Fat,Fat-Restricted Diet,Diet, Fat Free,Diet, Fat Restricted,Diet, Low Fat,Diets, Fat-Free,Diets, Fat-Restricted,Diets, Low-Fat,Fat Restricted Diet,Fat-Free Diet,Fat-Free Diets,Fat-Restricted Diets,Low-Fat Diet,Low-Fat Diets

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