Differences of Uric Acid Transporters Carrying Extracellular Vesicles in the Urine from Uric Acid and Calcium Stone Formers and Non-Stone Formers. 2022

Zhijian Lin, and Muthuvel Jayachandran, and Zejfa Haskic, and Sanjay Kumar, and John C Lieske
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.

Background: Low urine pH and volume are established risk factors for uric acid (UA) stone disease (UASD). Renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to an acidic pH and/or UA crystals can shed extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the tubular fluid, and these EVs may be a pathogenic biomarker of UASD. Methods: Urinary EVs bearing UA transporters (SLC2A9, SLC17A3, SLC22A12, SLC5A8, ABCG2, and ZNF365) were quantified in urine from UA stone formers (UASFs), calcium stone formers (CSFs), and age-/sex-matched non-stone formers (NSFs) using a standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry. Results: Urinary pH was lower (p < 0.05) and serum and urinary UA were greater (p < 0.05) in UASFs compared with NSFs. Urinary EVs carrying SLC17A3 and SLC5A8 were lower (p < 0.05) in UASFs compared with NSFs. Urinary EVs bearing SLC2A9, SLC22A12, SLC5A8, ABCG2, and ZNF365 were lower (p < 0.05) in CSFs than UASFs, while excretion of SLC17A3-bearing EVs did not differ between groups. Conclusion: EVs bearing specific UA transporters might contribute to the pathogenesis of UASD and represent non-invasive pathogenic biomarkers for calcium and UA stone risk.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007669 Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. Kidney Stones,Renal Calculi,Nephrolith,Renal Calculus,Calculi, Kidney,Calculi, Renal,Calculus, Kidney,Calculus, Renal,Kidney Calculus,Kidney Stone,Stone, Kidney,Stones, Kidney
D002118 Calcium A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002129 Calcium Oxalate The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi. Calcium Oxalate (1:1),Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate,Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate (1:1),Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate,Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (1:1),Calcium Oxalate Trihydrate,Dihydrate, Calcium Oxalate,Monohydrate, Calcium Oxalate,Oxalate, Calcium,Trihydrate, Calcium Oxalate
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000067128 Extracellular Vesicles Membrane limited structures derived from cell membranes and cytoplasmic material, and released into EXTRACELLULAR SPACE. They circulate through the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID and through the peripheral blood in the MICROVASCULATURE where cells, much larger, cannot, thereby affecting a variety of intercellular communication processes. Apoptotic Bodies,Exovesicles,Apoptotic Body,Bodies, Apoptotic,Body, Apoptotic,Exovesicle,Extracellular Vesicle,Vesicle, Extracellular,Vesicles, Extracellular
D014527 Uric Acid An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN. 2,6,8-Trihydroxypurine,Ammonium Acid Urate,Monosodium Urate,Monosodium Urate Monohydrate,Potassium Urate,Sodium Acid Urate,Sodium Acid Urate Monohydrate,Sodium Urate,Sodium Urate Monohydrate,Trioxopurine,Urate,Acid Urate, Ammonium,Acid Urate, Sodium,Acid, Uric,Monohydrate, Monosodium Urate,Monohydrate, Sodium Urate,Urate Monohydrate, Monosodium,Urate Monohydrate, Sodium,Urate, Ammonium Acid,Urate, Monosodium,Urate, Potassium,Urate, Sodium,Urate, Sodium Acid
D051246 Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative A family of monosaccharide transport proteins characterized by 12 membrane spanning helices. They facilitate passive diffusion of GLUCOSE across the CELL MEMBRANE. GLUT Proteins,Glucose Transport Protein,Glucose Transport Facilitators,Glucose Transporter,SLC2A Proteins
D027361 Organic Anion Transporters Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body. Membrane Transport Proteins, Organic Anion,OAT Transport Protein,OATP Transporter,Organic Anion Transport Polypeptide,Organic Anion Transport Polypeptides,Organic Anion Transport Protein,Organic Anion Transporter,OAT Transport Proteins,OATP Proteins,OATP Transporters,Organic Anion Transport Proteins,Anion Transporter, Organic,Anion Transporters, Organic,Protein, OAT Transport,Transport Protein, OAT,Transport Proteins, OAT,Transporter, OATP,Transporter, Organic Anion,Transporters, OATP,Transporters, Organic Anion
D027501 Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters A family of proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylic acids such as LACTIC ACID and PYRUVIC ACID across cellular membranes. Monocarboxylic Acid Transport Proteins,Pyr Translocator,Pyruvate Carrier,Pyruvate Transport Protein,Pyruvate Transport Proteins,Pyruvate Transporter,Erythrocyte Lactate Transporter,Erythrocyte Lactate Transporters,Lactate Translocase,Lactate Transport Protein,Lactate Transport Proteins,Lactate Transporter,MCT Proteins,Monocarboxylate Translocator,Monocarboxylic Acid Transport Protein,Acid Transporters, Monocarboxylic,Carrier, Pyruvate,Lactate Transporter, Erythrocyte,Lactate Transporters, Erythrocyte,Protein, Pyruvate Transport,Translocase, Lactate,Translocator, Monocarboxylate,Translocator, Pyr,Transport Protein, Lactate,Transport Protein, Pyruvate,Transport Proteins, Lactate,Transport Proteins, Pyruvate,Transporter, Erythrocyte Lactate,Transporter, Lactate,Transporter, Pyruvate,Transporters, Erythrocyte Lactate,Transporters, Monocarboxylic Acid
D027701 Organic Cation Transport Proteins A family of proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and their metabolites from the body. Membrane Transport-Proteins, Organic Cation

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