-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Several studies have shown that the capability for exercise can be increased in patients with pacemakers by means of adjusting the rate. Respiration is one of the parameters considered for rate control. The aim of our study was to determine how respiratory parameters such as ventilation, tidal volume, and respiratory rate are capable of controlling the pacemaker rate, especially when measured indirectly by means of impedance plethysmography. We examined four volunteers and eight patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers using bicycle ergometry at increasing work loads. We recorded heart rate, uptake of oxygen, and ventilation directly (by pneumotachygraphy) and indirectly (by chest wall impedance plethysmography). A good correlation of directly to indirectly measured ventilation (r = 0.8687) was found. Our study suggests that respiratory minute volume is more appropriate for rate control of physiologic pacemakers than tidal volume or respiratory rate alone. Measurement by means of impedance plethysmography is sufficiently precise to be used for this purpose. Further studies must be conducted as to the optimum realization within an implantable device.
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
June 2001,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
November 2003,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
April 2006,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
November 1992,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
October 1989,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
September 1995,
Orvosi hetilap,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
November 1989,
Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
August 1994,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
November 2000,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
E Alt, and
M Heinz, and
C Hirgstetter, and
H P Emslander, and
S Daum, and
H Blömer
October 2005,
Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing,
