Image-Level Uncertainty in Pseudo-Label Selection for Semi-Supervised Segmentation. 2022

Payden McBee, and Fatima Zulqarnain, and Sana Syed, and Donald E Brown

Advancements in deep learning techniques have proved useful in biomedical image segmentation. However, the large amount of unlabeled data inherent in biomedical imagery, particularly in digital pathology, creates a semi-supervised learning paradigm. Specifically, because of the time consuming nature of producing pixel-wise annotations and the high cost of having a pathologist dedicate time to labeling, there is a large amount of unlabeled data that we wish to utilize in training segmentation algorithms. Pseudo-labeling is one method to leverage the unlabeled data to increase overall model performance. We adapt a method used for image classification pseudo-labeling to select images for segmentation pseudo-labeling and apply it to 3 digital pathology datasets. To select images for pseudo-labeling, we create and explore different thresholds for confidence and uncertainty on an image level basis. Furthermore, we study the relationship between image-level uncertainty and confidence with model performance. We find that the certainty metrics do not consistently correlate with performance intuitively, and abnormal correlations serve as an indicator of a model's ability to produce pseudo-labels that are useful in training. Clinical relevance - The proposed approach adapts image-level confidence and uncertainty measures for segmentation pseudo-labeling on digital pathology datasets. Increased model performance enables better disease quantification for histopathology.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D000069553 Supervised Machine Learning A MACHINE LEARNING paradigm used to make predictions about future instances based on a given set of labeled paired input-output training (sample) data. Active Machine Learning,Inductive Machine Learning,Learning from Labeled Data,Machine Learning with a Teacher,Semi-supervised Learning,Learning, Active Machine,Learning, Inductive Machine,Learning, Semi-supervised,Learning, Supervised Machine,Machine Learning, Active,Machine Learning, Inductive,Machine Learning, Supervised,Semi supervised Learning
D000465 Algorithms A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. Algorithm
D035501 Uncertainty The condition in which reasonable knowledge regarding risks, benefits, or the future is not available.

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