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The effects of two calcium channel blockers (verapamil and flunarizine) were evaluated on the naloxone-precipitated syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. The withdrawal signs in saline-treated rats were mainly diarrhea, body weight loss, jumping and ptosis. On i.p. administration, verapamil and flunarizine prevented diarrhea and body weight loss but not jumping. Verapamil also reduced the incidence of ptosis at the highest dose tested (40 mg/kg). Administered i.c.v., 160 micrograms verapamil reduced the body weight loss and the number of jumps without modifying diarrhea or ptosis. The results show that calcium channel blockers inhibit morphine abstinence syndrome manifestations through both peripheral and central mechanisms.
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R Samanin
July 1988,
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R Samanin
January 1997,
Life sciences,
J M Baeyens, and
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G Ossowska, and
R Samanin
March 1976,
Life sciences,
J M Baeyens, and
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R Samanin
January 1983,
Life sciences,
J M Baeyens, and
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Psychopharmacology,
J M Baeyens, and
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G Ossowska, and
R Samanin
September 2003,
Life sciences,
J M Baeyens, and
E Esposito, and
G Ossowska, and
R Samanin
January 1973,
Psychopharmacologia,
J M Baeyens, and
E Esposito, and
G Ossowska, and
R Samanin
July 1998,
Pharmacological research,
J M Baeyens, and
E Esposito, and
G Ossowska, and
R Samanin
September 1976,
Psychopharmacology,
J M Baeyens, and
E Esposito, and
G Ossowska, and
R Samanin
April 1973,
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics,
