Under basal conditions in anesthetized rats, significant concentrations of free norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and dopamine (DA) were detected in red blood cell (RBC) lysate. These concentrations were not proportional to their respective plasma concentrations and thus RBC-to-plasma concentration ratios were different for each catecholamine (CA). DA was by far the most concentrated amine inside the RBC. An acute increase in plasma NE and E levels, induced by hemorrhagic hypotension in normotensive (NT) rats, did not result in any modification of the RBC CA content. However, chronic elevation of the NE plasma levels in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats and in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats (DOCA-salt HT) were associated with increased NE levels in the RBC. In addition, the large elevation in plasma E concentrations following hemorrhagic hypotension in DOCA-salt HT rats, as well as the greater plasma NE response to hypotension in adrenalectomized animals, were accompanied by increases in the respective RBC amine concentrations. During a steady-state intravenous infusion of tritiated NE, we observed a slow accumulation of radioactivity inside the RBC, indicating that CA can enter the RBC from the plasma. Moreover, catechol methyltransferase activity was measured in the cytosolic fraction of the RBC of both NT and DOCA-salt HT rats suggesting that, once inside the RBC, the catecholamines can be metabolized.