Anterolateral thigh flap for upper extremity reconstruction in older patients. 2022

Ryosuke Ikeguchi, and Takashi Noguchi, and Maki Ando, and Koichi Yoshimoto, and Daichi Sakamoto, and Shuichi Matsuda
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

BACKGROUND The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been used in upper extremity reconstruction. However, there is no consensus about the age at which the flap can be used safely, which is a concern when applying ALT flaps for upper extremity reconstruction in older patients. We present the results of the use of ALT flap for upper extremity reconstruction in a series of older patients. METHODS Seventeen patients who underwent ALT flaps for soft tissue defects in the upper extremities from 2010 to 2020 were included. The patients' mean age was 63.5 (range, 26-83) years. Ten of seventeen patients were smokers. Defect locations were the dorsum of the hand in seven patients, palm in two patients, dorsum and palm in two patients, and forearm in six patients. Etiologies of the defect were traumatic in 14 patients and malignant tumor in three patients. The defect size was 8 to 25 × 5 to 11 cm. When dissecting the perforators, we preserved the surrounding small muscular and fatty tissue with the perforators and to harvest them together to prevent intima damage. Flap thinning was performed for 16 flaps to adjust the flap thickness to match defect site requirements. We used an end-to-side or interposition arterial anastomosis to regulate the blood flow. RESULTS The flap size was 9 to 28 × 5 to 13 cm. One patient had venous congestion and vein re-anastomosis was needed. All flaps survived. One patient had a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and debridement and irrigation was needed. The mean follow-up period was 20 (range, 13-37) months. Fifteen patients returned their previous activities. The mean DASH score was 30.6 (range, 3-70). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of patient age or smoking status, the ALT flap was a safe and reliable surgical option for soft tissue defect reconstruction of the upper extremity.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D013848 Thigh The superior part of the lower extremity between the HIP and the KNEE. Thighs
D016896 Treatment Outcome Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series. Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes
D017695 Soft Tissue Injuries Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand". Injuries, Soft Tissue,Injury, Soft Tissue,Soft Tissue Injury
D055624 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of METHICILLIN. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEINS. MRSA,Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
D019651 Plastic Surgery Procedures Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures. Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgical Procedures,Cosmetic Surgical Procedures,Esthetic Reconstructive Surgical Procedures,Esthetic Surgical Procedures,Plastic Surgical Procedures,Reconstructive Surgical Procedures,Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Cosmetic,Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgery,Procedure, Reconstructive Surgical,Procedures, Reconstructive Surgical,Reconstructive Surgical Procedure,Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Esthetic,Surgical Procedure, Reconstructive,Surgical Procedures, Reconstructive,Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgeries,Cosmetic Surgical Procedure,Esthetic Surgical Procedure,Plastic Surgery Procedure,Plastic Surgical Procedure,Procedure, Cosmetic Surgical,Procedure, Esthetic Surgical,Procedure, Plastic Surgery,Procedure, Plastic Surgical,Procedures, Cosmetic Surgical,Procedures, Esthetic Surgical,Procedures, Plastic Surgery,Procedures, Plastic Surgical,Reconstructive Surgeries, Cosmetic,Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetic,Surgeries, Cosmetic Reconstructive,Surgery Procedure, Plastic,Surgery Procedures, Plastic,Surgery, Cosmetic Reconstructive,Surgical Procedure, Cosmetic,Surgical Procedure, Esthetic,Surgical Procedure, Plastic,Surgical Procedures, Cosmetic,Surgical Procedures, Esthetic,Surgical Procedures, Plastic
D034941 Upper Extremity The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the HAND, and including the ARM; AXILLA; and SHOULDER. Extremity, Upper,Membrum superius,Upper Limb,Extremities, Upper,Limb, Upper,Limbs, Upper,Upper Extremities,Upper Limbs

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