Biomaterial Database

Detection of wheat gliadin contamination of gluten-free foods by a monoclonal antibody dot immunobinding assay. 1987

A R Freedman, and G Galfre, and E Gal, and H J Ellis, and P J Ciclitira

Unfractionated wheat gliadin was used to produce murine monoclonal antibodies to gliadin. A dot immunobinding assay, using these antibodies, was developed to detect possible gliadin contamination of nominally gluten-free flour, using dilute ethanol extracts spotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. The sensitivity of the assay was less than 10 micrograms/ml of unfractionated gliadin which permitted the detection of trace amounts of gliadin present in certain wheat starch based 'gluten-free' products. The assay detected not only wheat gliadin, but also prolamine extracts of rye, barley and oats; maize, soya and potato extracts as well as the control proteins casein and ovalbumin, gave negative results. The assay is of value as a simple and rapid method of screening foods for their suitability for consumption by patients with coeliac disease.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010940	Plant Proteins	Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which PLANT PROTEINS, DIETARY is available.	Plant Protein,Protein, Plant,Proteins, Plant
D011198	Solanum tuberosum	A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.	Potatoes,Potato,Solanum tuberosums,tuberosum, Solanum,tuberosums, Solanum
D002523	Edible Grain	SEEDS used as a major nutritional source, most often the grain from the POACEAE family.	Cereals,Cereal Grain,Cereal,Cereal Grains,Edible Grains,Grain, Cereal,Grain, Edible,Grains, Cereal,Grains, Edible
D004797	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.	ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D005433	Flour	A powdery meal obtained from ground up starchy foodstuff, such as seeds of WHEAT; RICE and other EDIBLE GRAIN; LEGUMES; and NUTS; or ground up PLANT TUBERS.	Almond Flour,Almond Meal,Corn Flour,Corn Meal,Grain Flour,Grain Meal,Nut Flour,Potato Flour,Rice Flour,Rice Meal,Soybean Flour,Soybean Meal,Wheat Flour,Wheat Meal,Semolina Flour,Almond Flours,Almond Meals,Corn Flours,Corn Meals,Flour, Almond,Flour, Corn,Flour, Grain,Flour, Nut,Flour, Potato,Flour, Rice,Flour, Semolina,Flour, Soybean,Flour, Wheat,Flours,Flours, Almond,Flours, Corn,Flours, Grain,Flours, Nut,Flours, Potato,Flours, Rice,Flours, Semolina,Flours, Soybean,Flours, Wheat,Grain Flours,Grain Meals,Meal, Almond,Meal, Corn,Meal, Grain,Meal, Rice,Meal, Soybean,Meal, Wheat,Meals, Almond,Meals, Corn,Meals, Grain,Meals, Rice,Meals, Soybean,Meals, Wheat,Nut Flours,Potato Flours,Rice Flours,Rice Meals,Semolina Flours,Soybean Flours,Soybean Meals,Wheat Flours,Wheat Meals
D005506	Food Contamination	The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.	Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D005903	Gliadin	Simple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. May be separated into 4 discrete electrophoretic fractions. It is the toxic factor associated with CELIAC DISEASE.	alpha-Gliadin,alpha Gliadin
D005983	Glutens	Prolamins in the endosperm of SEEDS from the Triticeae tribe which includes species of WHEAT; BARLEY; and RYE.	Gluten,Gluten Protein,Glutelin,Glutelins,Gluten Proteins,Hordein,Hordeins,Secalin,Secalins,Protein, Gluten
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000911	Antibodies, Monoclonal	Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.	Monoclonal Antibodies,Monoclonal Antibody,Antibody, Monoclonal