Flagellin Improves the Immune Response of an Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Subunit Vaccine. 2022

Asad Murtaza, and Haroon Afzal, and Thu-Dung Doan, and Guan-Ming Ke, and Li-Ting Cheng
International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.

Flagellin activates the immune system through Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and can work as an adjuvant for subunit vaccines. In this study, we tested the adjuvancy of two different N-terminal fragments of flagellin, (1) FliC99, residues 1-99, and (2) FliC176, residues 1-176, to incorporate larger areas of the hotspot region for potentially higher levels of TLR5 activation and immune response. A truncated version of the VP2 protein (name tVP2, residues 199-356) of the Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was genetically linked to the flagellin constructs, and the immune response was evaluated in chickens. Results showed that both chimeric antigen-adjuvant constructs increased humoral (total IgG titers), cellular and cytokine immune response (IL-4, IFN-γ). The resulting antibody also successfully neutralized IBDV. We conclude that the N-terminus of flagellin can act as an immune activator to enhance vaccine efficacy.

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