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Comparison of disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter isolates of meat origin. 2023

Thomai P Lazou, and Serafeim C Chaintoutis
Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene - Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: tlazou@vet.auth.gr.

The aim of this study was to compare the disk diffusion (DD) and the broth microdilution (BMD) methods in determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of 36 Campylobacter isolates of meat-origin to six antibacterial drugs (erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and nalidixic acid). All the available zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints of C. jejuni and C. coli as recommended by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) were utilized. In addition, the zone diameter breakpoints of Enterobacterales for nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and streptomycin, as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), were applied. All Campylobacter isolates were categorised as susceptible to erythromycin and gentamicin by both methods indicating completely concordant classification results. The overall highest 'Very major error' (VME) and 'Major error' (ME) rates were detected for nalidixic acid (13.3%) and tetracycline (26.3%), respectively, whereas a 'Minor error' (mE) rate was detected only for ciprofloxacin (60.1%). However, the Cohen's kappa statistic indicated a substantial concordance between the DD and BMD classification results for tetracycline and streptomycin, and almost perfect agreement for nalidixic acid, with corresponding categorical agreement rates of over 86% and approximately up to 92%. The correlation between the complementary inhibition zones and MIC breakpoints was strong and statistically highly significant (p < 0.001) for ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008460 Meat The edible portions of any animal used for food including cattle, swine, goats/sheep, poultry, fish, shellfish, and game. Meats
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D009268 Nalidixic Acid A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE. Nalidixin,Nalidixate Sodium,Nalidixate Sodium Anhydrous,Nevigramon,Sodium Nalidixic Acid, Anhydrous,Sodium Nalidixic Acid, Monohydrate,Acid, Nalidixic,Anhydrous, Nalidixate Sodium,Sodium Anhydrous, Nalidixate,Sodium, Nalidixate
D002167 Campylobacter A genus of bacteria found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of animals and man. Some species are pathogenic.
D002939 Ciprofloxacin A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. Bay-09867,Ciprinol,Cipro,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Anhydrous,Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride Monohydrate,Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Bay 09867,Bay09867,Hydrochloride Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin,Hydrochloride, Ciprofloxacin,Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride,Monohydrochloride Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin
D004917 Erythromycin A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. Erycette,Erymax,Erythromycin A,Erythromycin C,Erythromycin Lactate,Erythromycin Phosphate,Ilotycin,T-Stat,Lactate, Erythromycin,Phosphate, Erythromycin,T Stat,TStat
D005839 Gentamicins A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. Gentamicin Sulfate (USP),Gentamycin,G-Myticin,Garamycin,Gentacycol,Gentamicin,Gentamicin Sulfate,Gentamycins,Gentavet,Genticin,G Myticin,GMyticin,Sulfate, Gentamicin
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial
D013307 Streptomycin An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis. Estreptomicina CEPA,Estreptomicina Clariana,Estreptomicina Normon,Strepto-Fatol,Strepto-Hefa,Streptomycin Grünenthal,Streptomycin Sulfate,Streptomycin Sulfate (2:3) Salt,Streptomycin Sulphate,Streptomycine Panpharma,Strepto Fatol,Strepto Hefa
D013752 Tetracycline A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis. 4-Epitetracycline,Achromycin,Achromycin V,Hostacyclin,Sustamycin,Tetrabid,Tetracycline Hydrochloride,Tetracycline Monohydrochloride,Topicycline,4 Epitetracycline

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