Improved field tests for toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. 1987

A R Mattocks, and R Jukes
Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Carshalton, Surrey, United Kingdom.

Two new qualitative field tests for unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides are described. The tests are sensitive and able to detect all the potentially hepatotoxic PAs, except otonecine-based alkaloids. They do not respond to most saturated PAs. The first test, primarily for PA N-oxides, is particularly easy to perform in the field and can be extended to detect basic PAs with lower sensitivity. The second test is an improvement on an earlier N-oxide test and now detects both N-oxides and basic PAs. Practical details are given for testing both fresh and dried leaves, roots, woody material, seeds, and plant-based foodstuffs such as flour. The sensitivity of the tests has been assessed using pure PAs and N-oxides, and a range of fresh and dried plant samples has been tested. A simple test for PA N-oxides only has proved adequate to identify the majority of plants containing 0.005% or more of PAs using samples of 0.1-0.5 g. High levels of PA N-oxides were found to persist for more than 20 years in dried plant materials.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007202 Indicators and Reagents Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) Indicator,Reagent,Reagents,Indicators,Reagents and Indicators
D008970 Molecular Weight The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule. Molecular Weights,Weight, Molecular,Weights, Molecular
D010944 Plants Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae. Plants acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. It is a non-taxonomical term most often referring to LAND PLANTS. In broad sense it includes RHODOPHYTA and GLAUCOPHYTA along with VIRIDIPLANTAE. Plant
D011763 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids A group of ALKALOIDS, characterized by a nitrogen-containing necine, occurring mainly in plants of the BORAGINACEAE; COMPOSITAE; and LEGUMINOSAE plant families. They can be activated in the liver by hydrolysis of the ester and desaturation of the necine base to reactive electrophilic pyrrolic CYTOTOXINS. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid,Senecio Alkaloid,Senecio Alkaloids,Alkaloid, Pyrrolizidine,Alkaloid, Senecio,Alkaloids, Pyrrolizidine,Alkaloids, Senecio

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