The diagnostic accuracy of ultrafast computed tomography (CT) was evaluated prospectively in 25 infants and children with suspected airway obstruction. All examinations were conducted in spontaneously breathing, nonsedated children. Scan acquisition times were 0.05 or 0.1 second. CT examinations, completed in an average of 10 minutes, routinely included localizing, contiguous sections through the trachea followed by serial images obtained at a rate of 17 per second through regions of interest. Imaging results were correct in 24 of 25 examinations as judged from clinical and surgical data. Ultrafast CT data permitted diagnosis of dynamic changes in airway caliber, small intraluminal polyps, focal tracheal atresia, compressive mediastinal masses, and foreign body obstructions of the major bronchi. Dose measurements showed a maximum skin exposure of 245 mR (0.06 mC/kg) per 0.05-second image. Ultrafast CT provides an accurate, minimally invasive method for dynamic imaging of the airway in nonsedated children.