In a survey for bovine trypanosomiasis blood smears from 1,617 cattle at 72 sites were examined. Trypanosomes were found in 93 cattle, representing 16% of the cattle in herds in which trypanosomiasis was confirmed. Of the positive cattle 56% had infections with T. congolense, 17% T. vivax and 2.2% T. brucei. Five cattle had mixed infections and in 18 cattle the species was not identified. Sera from 1,352 cattle were tested using microelisa. Ten out of 16 sites, at which no trypanosomes were found in blood smears and at which trypanocides were in use, had over 15% seropositive cattle compared with five of 19 sites at which trypanocides were not in use. It was concluded that the microelisa was a useful aid to the diagnosis of bovine trypanosomiasis and that there is a need for accurate records of drug use and livestock movements to be kept. The serious risk of drug resistant strains of trypanosomes emerging due to the uncontrolled use of trypanocides is emphasised.