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[On the history of the teaching of squint (author's transl)]. 1978

F Rintelen

After an introduction on the value of history also from modern medicine, the teaching of strabismus from the earliest begin at the time of Hammurapis (1700 BC) up to our times is broadly described. The old greek and latin ideas are analysed linguistically. The work of Johannes Müller and Emil Javel is especially emphasized with regard to advances in the teaching of squint and its treatment. Landolt, Maddox, Sattler and Bielschowsky above all have usefully completed these aspects. The knowledges over squint which were forgotten in many places in the first third of our century were rediscovered and considerably extended, at first by Worth, and later especially by Lyle, Bangerter, Hugonnier, Cüppers, and last but not least Heinrich Harms.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009885 Ophthalmology A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases. Ocular Surgery,Ocular Surgeries,Surgery, Ocular
D004503 Education, Medical, Graduate Educational programs for medical graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic medical sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced medical degree. Medical Education, Graduate,Education, Graduate Medical,Graduate Medical Education
D005060 Europe The continent north of AFRICA, west of ASIA and east of the ATLANTIC OCEAN. Northern Europe,Southern Europe,Western Europe
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013285 Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641) Concomitant Strabismus,Dissociated Horizontal Deviation,Dissociated Vertical Deviation,Heterophoria,Heterotropias,Hypertropia,Non-Concomitant Strabismus,Nonconcomitant Strabismus,Phorias,Squint,Strabismus, Comitant,Strabismus, Noncomitant,Convergent Comitant Strabismus,Mechanical Strabismus,Comitant Strabismus,Comitant Strabismus, Convergent,Deviation, Dissociated Horizontal,Dissociated Horizontal Deviations,Dissociated Vertical Deviations,Heterophorias,Heterotropia,Horizontal Deviation, Dissociated,Hypertropias,Non Concomitant Strabismus,Noncomitant Strabismus,Phoria,Strabismus, Concomitant,Strabismus, Convergent Comitant,Strabismus, Mechanical,Strabismus, Non-Concomitant,Strabismus, Nonconcomitant
D013663 Teaching A formal and organized process of transmitting knowledge to a person or group. Teaching Method,Training Activity,Training Technique,Academic Training,Educational Technics,Educational Techniques,Pedagogy,Teaching Methods,Technics, Educational,Techniques, Educational,Training Activities,Training Technics,Training Techniques,Activities, Training,Activity, Training,Educational Technic,Educational Technique,Method, Teaching,Methods, Teaching,Pedagogies,Technic, Educational,Technic, Training,Technics, Training,Technique, Educational,Technique, Training,Techniques, Training,Training Technic,Training, Academic
D049668 History, 15th Century Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era. 15th Century History,15th Cent. History (Medicine),15th Cent. History of Medicine,15th Cent. Medicine,Historical Events, 15th Century,History of Medicine, 15th Cent.,History, Fifteenth Century,Medical History, 15th Cent.,Medicine, 15th Cent.,15th Cent. Histories (Medicine),15th Century Histories,Cent. Histories, 15th (Medicine),Cent. History, 15th (Medicine),Century Histories, 15th,Century Histories, Fifteenth,Century History, 15th,Century History, Fifteenth,Fifteenth Century Histories,Fifteenth Century History,Histories, 15th Cent. (Medicine),Histories, 15th Century,Histories, Fifteenth Century,History, 15th Cent. (Medicine)
D049671 History, 18th Century Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era. 18th Century History,18th Cent. History (Medicine),18th Cent. History of Medicine,18th Cent. Medicine,Historical Events, 18th Century,History of Medicine, 18th Cent.,History, Eighteenth Century,Medical History, 18th Cent.,Medicine, 18th Cent.,18th Century Histories,Cent. History, 18th (Medicine),Cent. Medicine, 18th,Century Histories, 18th,Century Histories, Eighteenth,Century History, 18th,Century History, Eighteenth,Eighteenth Century Histories,Eighteenth Century History,Histories, 18th Century,Histories, Eighteenth Century,History, 18th Cent. (Medicine)
D049672 History, 19th Century Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era. 19th Century History,19th Cent. History (Medicine),19th Cent. History of Medicine,19th Cent. Medicine,Historical Events, 19th Century,History of Medicine, 19th Cent.,History, Nineteenth Century,Medical History, 19th Cent.,Medicine, 19th Cent.,19th Cent. Histories (Medicine),19th Century Histories,Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine),Cent. History, 19th (Medicine),Century Histories, 19th,Century Histories, Nineteenth,Century History, 19th,Century History, Nineteenth,Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine),Histories, 19th Century,Histories, Nineteenth Century,History, 19th Cent. (Medicine),Nineteenth Century Histories,Nineteenth Century History
D049673 History, 20th Century Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era. 20th Century History,20th Cent. History (Medicine),20th Cent. History of Medicine,20th Cent. Medicine,Historical Events, 20th Century,History of Medicine, 20th Cent.,History, Twentieth Century,Medical History, 20th Cent.,Medicine, 20th Cent.,20th Cent. Histories (Medicine),20th Century Histories,Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine),Cent. History, 20th (Medicine),Century Histories, 20th,Century Histories, Twentieth,Century History, 20th,Century History, Twentieth,Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine),Histories, 20th Century,Histories, Twentieth Century,History, 20th Cent. (Medicine),Twentieth Century Histories,Twentieth Century History

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