Faculty Development for Community Preceptors: a Narrative Review of the Literature. 2023

Irene Alexandraki, and Russell Baker, and Anne Kern, and Gary L Beck Dallaghan, and Jeffrey Seegmiller
University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA. ialexandraki@arizona.edu.

Community teaching physicians (i.e., community preceptors) have assumed an important role in medical education. More than half of medical schools use community settings to train medical students. Whether community preceptors are well prepared for their teaching responsibilities is unknown. In addition, best practice for faculty development (FD) of this population of preceptors has not been defined. The authors conducted a narrative review of the literature to describe FD programs for community preceptors that may be helpful to medical schools for future planning. Many databases were searched from their establishment to May 2022. Studies that described FD programs for community preceptors were included. Data were organized according to program aim, duration, setting, participants, content, and outcomes. The Communities of Practice theoretical framework was used to present findings. From a total of 6308 articles, 326 were eligible for full review, 21 met inclusion criteria. Sixty-seven percent (14/21) conducted a needs assessment; 57% (12/21) were developed by the medical school; 81% (17/21) included only community preceptors. Number of participants ranged from six to 1728. Workshops were often (24%, 5/21) used and supplemented by role-play, online modules, or instructional videos. Few programs offered opportunities to practice with standardized learners. Content focused primarily on teaching skills. Five programs offered CME credits as an incentive for engagement. Participant surveys were most often used for program evaluation. Learner evaluations and focus groups were used less often. Participants reported satisfaction and improvement in teaching skills after attending the program. Faculty development for community preceptors is primarily delivered through workshops and online materials, although direct observations of teaching with feedback from FD faculty and learners may be more helpful for training. Future studies need to focus on the long-term impact of FD on community preceptors' teaching skills, identity formation as medical educators, and student learning.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011231 Preceptorship Practical experience in medical and health-related services that occurs as part of an educational program wherein the professionally-trained student works outside the academic environment under the SUPERVISION of an established professional in the particular field. Clinical Mentoring,Clinical Supervision,Clinical Practicum,Field Study, Medical,Field Training, Medical,Field Work, Medical,Clinical Mentorings,Clinical Supervisions,Field Studies, Medical,Medical Field Studies,Medical Field Study,Medical Field Training,Medical Field Work,Mentoring, Clinical,Mentorings, Clinical,Practicum, Clinical,Practicums, Clinical,Studies, Medical Field,Study, Medical Field,Supervision, Clinical,Supervisions, Clinical,Training, Medical Field,Work, Medical Field
D004501 Education, Medical Use for general articles concerning medical education. Medical Education
D005178 Faculty TEACHING and administrative staff having academic rank in a post-secondary educational institution. University Professor,Professor, University,Professors, University,University Professors
D005180 Faculty, Medical Teaching and administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school. Faculties, Medical,Medical Faculties,Medical Faculty
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013337 Students, Medical Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine. Medical Student,Medical Students,Student, Medical
D017144 Focus Groups A method of data collection and a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions. Focus Group,Group, Focus,Groups, Focus

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